ACLS MUST KNOW Updated with 2022 Revisions Questions with Answers

What is the recommended compression depth for adults and children? 2 inches What is the recommended compression depth for infants? 1 1/2 inches What can result if a patient is ventilated too quickly? hyperventilation -> excessive intrathoracic pressure and gastric inflation -> decreased venous return -> decreased coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures -> diminished cardiac output -> decreased rates of survival What two cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable? VF and pVT What two cardiac arrest rhythms are not shockable? asystole and PEA What is the importance of measuring waveform capnography (PETCO2) during CPR? - allows for evaluation of CPR quality, - optimize chest compressions, - detection of ROSC during chest compressions or when a rhythm check reveals an organized rhythm, - ET tube placement What is an adequate waveform capnogrpahy (PETCO2) range? 35-45 mm Hg What is the appropriate tidal volume for adult cardiac arrest patients? 500-600 mL or 6-7 mL/kg (half a squeeze of an adult ventilation bag; enough to see visible chest rise) Single rescuers should use the compression-to-ventilation ratio of ____ compressions to ____ breaths when giving CPR to victims of any age. 30:2 At what rate should compressions occur? 100-120/min Interruptions in chest compressions should be limited to how many seconds? <10 Rescuers should switch compressors how often? every 5 cycles (2 min) or sooner if fatigued What method should be utilized when opening the airway of a patient who is suspected of having a head or neck injury? jaw thrust Which pulse is palpated when performing a BLS assessment on an adult? carotid What do agonal gasps represent? not normal breathing may sound like a snort, snore, or groan; is a sign of cardiac arrest When should the victim be moved during chest compressions? never unless the victim is in a dangerous environment (such as a burning building) or if you believe you cannot perform CPR effectively in the victim's present position or location When placing AED pads on a patient with an implanted defibrillator or pacemaker, what precautions should be taken? avoid placing AED pad directly over the implanted device What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? stand clear of the victim What pulse location should be palpated when assessing an unresponsive infant? brachial What is the correct hand placement for performing high-quality chest compressions on an infant? 1 rescuer: 2 fingers in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line 2 or more rescuers: 2 thumb-encircling hands in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What is the correct compression ratio for children and infants when two rescuers are present? 15:2 Why is it important to ensure that the infant's head is kept in the neutral position? if you tilt (extend) an infant's head beyond the neutral (sniffling) position, the infant's airway may become blocked; you should ensure the infant's neck is in a neutral position so that the external ear canal is level with the top of the infant's shoulder If the chest does not rise when you give a breath, what should you do? reposition the head and try again If you encounter an unresponsive victim and suspect opioid overdose, what medication should be given in addition to providing BLS care/assessment? Naloxone (Narcan) What is the therapeutic dose of Naloxone in the treatment of suspected opioid overdose? 2 mg intranasal or 0.4 mg intramuscular A patient presents with normal sinus rhythm on the cardiac monitor. What should be done next? Assess patient. Be sure to check pulses and electrode placement; Continue to monitor.