Humber Real Estate - Course 4, Module 2 Understanding Commercial Construction exam| 99 questions and answers

7500 acre oil refinery Industrial buildings range from warehouses that are typically 25,000 to 100,000 square feet, to a ________________________. - General Purpose - Special Purpose - Single Purpose What 3 categories are industrial properties divided into? Concrete block, poured concrete, steel Industrial properties are typically constructed with ____________________________, or a combination. Brick, steel constructed Block buildings, often with _________ facing on the front and two sides, are a favourable choice for buyers, but ___________________ buildings generally dominate industrial structures "Use" dependant The requirements under the Ontario Building Code for industrial buildings are ______________________. Framed support walls, a pitched roof, brick/stone/siding finished exterior What kind of construction could be characterized by ______________________________ with drywall interiors? National Farm Building Code Some farm buildings are designed for the storage of fertilizers and manure, and may have to comply with not only the Ontario Building Code but also the ________________________. Because they increase the thermal mass of a building and are energy efficient if suitable exterior coating is applied. Why might commercial property owners favour masonry walls? Economical Wood framing is usually the most ______________ method. Wood framing In larger commercial structures, concrete block walls may be used with ______________________ to more effectively separate units for added structural mass, as well as fire requirements. Tilt-up What kind of construction is more cost-effective for larger structures, in comparison to masonry or steel? Reduce energy cost Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) products have thermal mass and high insulation values that _______________________________. Two layers of thermal insulation Note: The insulation stays in place as a permanent interior and exterior layer for walls, floors and roofs. Insulated Concrete Form is a framework of concrete protected by ____________________________________. Flexibiity Steel is more commonly used with concrete wall systems to gain more _____________. Steel Note: This is because steels can bend and lose its strength when exposed to extreme heat. To offset this, steel buildings require additional fire-resistant materials, which can be costly. Which type of building material is more commonly used with concrete wall systems and is subject to more stringent requirements under the Ontario Building Code? Quickly, design creativity Steel buildings can normally be constructed more ___________ than other building structures and provide greater internal ______________________. Wood framing, cold-formed steel framing, hot rolled steel, concrete or a combination of these materials. Modular structures can be constructed with what materials? - Avoiding weather delays - Quick on-site assembly - Less opportunity for theft of building products associated with on-site construction - Fewer subcontractors needed - Time saved by simultaneously co-ordinating on-site improvements with off-site building construction - The ability to easily relocate or expand the structure What are the primary construction benefits of pre-fabricated modular steel structures? An additional permit Commercial projects located near a provincial highway required what from the Ministry of Transportation? Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 All new commercial spaces must comply with the Ontario Building Code and what Act? - Structural warranty coverage - Protection and preventative care for building's internal and external features (e.g. parking lots, pools, etc.) - Coverage of workmanship and materials (HVAC, elevators or electrical systems) - How building repairs will be made - Removal of debris and professional maintenance fees - Protection against legal claims arising out of construction deficiencies - Business interruption and loss of income due to builder's issues What can a builder warranty cover and protect against? 40-49 points can get a building certified 50-59 points gets a silver certification 60-79 points gets a gold certification 80+ points get a platinum certification What are the 4 types of LEED certifications a building can attain? - Better chance of receiving financing as lender is reassured building is up-to-date - More tenants as utility costs might be lower - Saves energy & lower operating costs - Good reputation - Working environment (contributes to the health of the building and its occupants) What are the benefits of LEED when buying a commercial building? - The minimum distance a building must be from the front, rear and side yard boundaries of the lot - Sometimes can determine how far a building must be from a road or highway Zoning setbacks establish what? The building envelope Note: All structures, including the principal building, must be located within the building envelope. When the appropriate setback is applied to a lot, an invisible rectangle is created and is called what? "Footprint" The building envelope will determine the maximum ____________ of a building. They will establish the total square footage of the building based on the Floor Area Ratio and height. What is the impact that zoning setbacks have? - Applies to corner lots - When a zoning bylaw can require additional building setbacks in order to achieve the required 'sight-line' (e.g. unobstructed view of areas surrounding the building) What is Daylighting? By reducing its size and the location of the building on the lot. How can Daylighting impact a building? The maximum area of a lot that can be devoted to a building (e.g. if total property size is 4,000 square feet, and allowable lot coverage is 50%, building can cover 2,000 square feet of the property) Define Lot Coverage - Floor Area Ratio (FAR) - Bylaw setbacks - Overall height - Gross area of the lot (total area of the lot without consideration for setbacks) - Lot coverage (max area of the lot that can be devoted to building development) The overall size and height of a building will be determined by what zoning restrictions? Maximum square footage The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) establishes the ____________________________ of the entire building, not just the main floor. Municipal regulations What will define the limited of the total floor area of a commercial building? By calculating the distance between the established grade and elevation of the highest building point. How is building height determined? The number of floors Note: Floor height will also be specified. Height restrictions may impact design considerations, particularly when greater setbacks are imposed on higher floors. Some municipalities provide building limitations based on what? - Antennae - Flagpoles - Satellite dishes - Equipment that helps operate the building (e.g. electrical, ventilation, stairwells, etc.) What rooftop structures may exceed the permitted maximum height of a building? To show that the location and height of a proposed building will not cast a shadow over building facades, private and public outdoor amenities, open spaces, public parks, sidewalks and other places of concern. What are Shadow Impact Studies used for? Municipal zoning bylaws What dictates the size and availability of on-site parking required? A number of spaces per 1,000 square feet of floor area or similar ratio. How do zoning bylaws express minimum parking requirements? The amount of undeveloped landscape the property is to have according to municipal zoning bylaws. What is Greenspace Allocation? The top of the unfinished floor surface of one floor, to the top of the unfinished floor surface of the floor above in a multi-level building. Define Floor Height The space above the ceiling, which is where services like HVAC, plumbing, ductwork, fire protection, lighting and other mechanical systems that service the office are located. Floor height includes head space. What is Head Space? - An exterior building component - Widely used in Canadian office towers and other commercial structures - Self-supporting, continuous cladding system, typically made of engineered composite panels inserted in aluminum or stainless steel framing - Can also be high-performance glass with special coatings to minimize glare, and reflect long-wave radiation ... they contain a thin metallic layer that allows filtered sunlight into the structure during the winter months, while blocking the outward flow of heat (some can reduce heat and cold transfer) What are Curtain Walls? Provide energy-efficient technology, which save a considerable amount in heating and cooling costs and increase comfort for occupants. What are the benefits of curtain walls? - Siding (wood, vinyl, aluminum) is usually installed to compliment brick veneer and/or exterior cladding options - Stucco (applied wet; can be artistically sculpted) - Exterior of concrete buildings are usually painted or a plastic wall coating is applied for greater durability What exterior finishes are typically seen in smaller office buildings? More costly Floor height affects the cost of larger buildings. The more floors, the ______________ the building will be. Rentable square feet More floors means more ___________________, which means more rental income for the owner.