Portage A&P1 Module 2 Exam (Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified)

Portage A&P1 Module 2 Exam (Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified) How many lobes does the right lung have? CORRECT ANSWER: 3 (superior, middle, inferior) Air (and not food) pass in which of the following areas? CORRECT ANSWER: B. Nasopharynx In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: CORRECT ANSWER: E. B&D B. Respiratory Bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli Label B, D, E, F, G (image) CORRECT ANSWER: B. Oral Cavity D. Epiglottis E. Glottis F. Trachea G. Esophagus Essay Q: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? CORRECT ANSWER: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Essay Q: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. CORRECT ANSWER: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. T/F: Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs CORRECT ANSWER: True T/F: During exhalation the diaphragm contracts to actively push air out of the lungs. CORRECT ANSWER: False (During inhalation) T/F: During inhalation the rib cage is lowered pull the lungs open. CORRECT ANSWER: False (rib cage is lifted upwards during inhalation) T/F: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases CORRECT ANSWER: True T/F: When the diaphragm rises, the thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs CORRECT ANSWER: True (air naturally flows out of the lungs because of the pressure difference) Boyle's law states that gas volume is: CORRECT ANSWER: Inversely proportional to pressure Typical respiratory epithelium contains all of the following except which one? CORRECT ANSWER: Layers (so it has cilia, tall narrow cells, mucous producing cells, and goblet cells) Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? CORRECT ANSWER: Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm (so true ones are: the pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces; parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs; a healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid) Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? CORRECT ANSWER: Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? CORRECT ANSWER: Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV (also vc = irv + erv + tv) T/F: The gas-exchange region in the lungs must be dry, thin and large. CORRECT ANSWER: False (requires moisture) T/F: The vestibule is the most external portion of the nasal cavity CORRECT ANSWER: True T/F: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises CORRECT ANSWER: True T/F: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities CORRECT ANSWER: False T/F: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange CORRECT ANSWER: False Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. A. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. B. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. C. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. D. CORRECT ANSWER: A. Pleurisy B. Pulmonary edema C. Emphysema D. Cystic Fibrosis The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG)if nitrogen is 100 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 150 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. CORRECT ANSWER: Ptotal = 1atm (760 mmHg) PO2 = ? P N = 100 mmHg P CO2 = 150 mmHg = 510 Answer: The partial pressure of oxygen is 510 mmHg Why would warming air be beneficial to gas exchange? CORRECT ANSWER: It would expand the air to make it more available for gas exchange. Explain what helps to maintain constant temperature within the lungs. Why is it important for effective gas exchange? CORRECT ANSWER: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: CORRECT ANSWER: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles In gas exchange, (external respiration): CORRECT ANSWER: Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli The purpose of these cells are the primary immune defense of the alveoli: CORRECT ANSWER: Alveolar macrophages Answer the following essay question: 1. Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same CORRECT ANSWER: My answer (correct): A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low because inspiratory capacity is known as the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs beyond normal effort. If an individual has the disease of muscular dystrophy that restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness, this would mean their ability and capacity to inhale normal levels (or even more so anything beyond normal inhalation levels) would be drastically lower. (Their inspiratory capacity being abnormally low would also deny that their vital capacity would be abnormally high or that their total lung capacity would remain the same). Tests also correct answer: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERVDecreased VC, decreased IC