Nurse Practitioner exam|7 questions and answers

Hgb male 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL Hgb female 12.0 to 15.5 g/dl female male 36% to 46 % 41% to 53% MCV (size of RBC) 80 to100 fL >100 fl (macrocytic anemia) such as B12 deficiency (due to pernicious anemia) or folate deficiency <80 (microcytic anemia) such as iron deficiency or thalassemia trait Platelet count . 140 − 415 × 103/mL Thrombocytopenia increased risk of bleeding Thrombocytosis increased risk of clotting, emboli Total WBC count 4.0 − 10.5 × 103/mL Elevation usually due to bacterial infection Neutrophils (or segs) 56%-62% >70% usually due to bacterial infections Bands . Also called "shift to the left" Elevation due to serious bacterial infection Bands are immature neutrophils Lymphocytes Elevation due to viral infections Eosinophils Elevation in allergies and parasitic infections Reticulocytes Elevated after acute hemorrhage, hemolysis Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Elevated - Hypothyroidism (>5.5 mU/L) Very low - Hyperthyroidism (0.4 mU/L) International Normalized Ratio (INR) Atrial Fibrillation/Thrombosis PE: 2.0-3.0 times normal Bioprosthetic Valves: 2.0-3.0 Prosthetic Valves 2.5-3.5 alpha or beta thalassemia trait (or minor), normal to high ferritiniron and normal to "below normal" TIBC/transferrin levels. The gold standard test to diagnose thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis. Where is the best location to listen for the S3 heart sound? pulmonic area L n. A good example of a disease with no screening test ovarian cancer. Therefore, screening all women for this cancer is currently not recommended. reportable disease. Tuberculosis Lyme disease, meningococcemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, measles, rubella, diphtheria, chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, two different names that are used interchangeably osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease (DJD) two different names that are used interchangeably two different names that are used interchangeably atopic dermatitis two different names that are used interchangeably eczema two different names that are used interchangeably senile arcus two different names that are used interchangeably arcus senilis two different names that are used interchangeably purulent otitis media . two different names that are used interchangeably acute otitis media . two different names that are used interchangeably group A beta streptococcus n. two different names that are used interchangeably strep pyogenes . two different names that are used interchangeably tinea corporis . two different names that are used interchangeably ringworm two different names that are used interchangeably enterobiasis or two different names that are used interchangeably ringworm two different names that are used interchangeably vitamin B12 or cobalamin two different names that are used interchangeably cyanocobalamin (chemical two different names that are used interchangeably scarlet fever or . two different names that are used interchangeably scarlet fever or . two different names that are used interchangeably otitis externa . two different names that are used interchangeably swimmer's ear two different names that are used interchangeably condyloma acuminata two different names that are used interchangeably genital warts two different names that are used interchangeably tic douloureux or two different names that are used interchangeably trigeminal neuralgia two different names that are used interchangeably tinea cruris two different names that are used interchangeably jock itch two different names that are used interchangeably tinea capitis two different names that are used interchangeably ringworm of the scalp two different names that are used interchangeably thalassemia minor two different names that are used interchangeably thalassemia trait two different names that are used interchangeably giant cell arteritis two different names that are used interchangeably temporal arteritis two different names that are used interchangeably asthma or two different names that are used interchangeably reactive airway disease (infants and children) two different names that are used interchangeably psoas sign or two different names that are used interchangeably iliopsoas muscle sign two different names that are used interchangeably light reflex or . two different names that are used interchangeably Hirschsprung test two different names that are used interchangeably sentinel nodes two different names that are used interchangeably sentinel nodes Which of the following drug classes is indicated as first line treatment of both major depression and OCD? selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) they are used to treat anxiety or insomnia benzodiazepines; mood stabilizers bipolar disorder (process . SSRIs first line treatment for OCD, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (extreme shyness), and premenstrual mood disorder (fluoxetine or Prozac). SSRIs fluoxetine (Prozac) sertraline (Zoloft) paroxetine (Paxil) ssri Do not discontinue the SSRI paroxetine (Paxil) abruptly. Wean the patient slowly. TCAs now considered second line treatment for depression. They are also used for post-herpetic neuralgia and migraine headache prophylaxis. TCAs amitriptyline (Elavil) desipramine (Norpramine). Avoid treating suicidal patients with what ? & why TCAs because of the risk of hoarding the drug and then overdosing. Anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine (Tegretol) are used for what ? are also used for chronic pain. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors first line drugs except for patients with a comorbidity such as diabetes mellitus or microalbuminuria. These are the drugs of choice for people with diabetes because of their renal-protective properties. . Beta blockers are hypertension and migraine. Beta blockers are contraindicated in contraindicated in patients with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, sarcoidosis, or chronic bronchitis. Acute otitis externa superficial infection of the skin in the ear canal. It is more common during warm and humid conditions such as swimming and summertime. The most common bacterial pathogen is pseudomonas (gram negative). does not involve the middle ear or the tympanic membrane and does not cause tinnitus (as seen in Ménière's disease). Grade I very soft murmur that is difficult to hear. Grade II . is a murmur that is mild to moderately loud. Grade III is a loud murmur that is easy to hear. Grade IV the first time a thrill is palpated. Grade V when the murmur can be heard with the stethoscope partly off the chest. Grade VI when the murmur is so loud that it can be heard with the stethoscope off the chest. A loud heart murmur that is easily heard when the stethoscope is placed on the chest is which of the following? Grade III No thrill is present less than 4 Diverticulitis inflamed and infected diverticula. It is more common in older or elderly adults. small pouch-like structures along the clonic wall. They are caused by chronic lack of fiber in the diet treatment is fiber supplementation such as psyllium (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel) that is taken two to three times a day with 8 ounces of water. can be a life-threatening infection; if the diverticula rupture, the result will be an acute abdomen. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. A rash starts on the wrist and ankles; spreading centrally is a classic sign of Which of the following is the best treatment plan to follow? Refer the patient to an infectious disease specialist immediately. . Rocky Mountain spotted fever is treated with doxycycline or chloramphenicol. what happens with Rocky Mountain spotted Thrombocytopenia and ITP, an autoimmune disorder, result from the breakdown of platelets in the spleen. ITP is self-limiting and is usually precipitated by a viral infection. Erythema migrans (a targetlike red rash) seen during the early stage of the infection. treated with a 21-day course of doxycycline. Roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum) involves an abrupt onset of high fever, up to 105o Fahrenheit (F), lasting from 3 to 5 days. The infant feeds and behaves normally. After the fever diminishes, a rash appears on the trunk/abdomen and then resolves spontaneously after a few days. sometimes associated with febrile seizures. It is caused by herpes virus type 6 and type 7.