PHLT 304 Tamu Test 2 Questions With Verified Answers

neurodegenerative disease - Answer incurable debilitating conditions caused by progressive degeneration of nerve cells ataxias - Answer movement problems Dementia - Answer impaired mental functioning Alzheimer's disease - Answer most common form of dementia Examples of Neurodegenerative diseases - Answer -Parkinson's disease -Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -Huntington's Disease -HIV- related cognitive impairment -Multiple Sclerosis -Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease -Alzheimer's Disease 6th leading cause of death - Answer Alzheimer's primary prevention of alzheimer's - Answer -stay active -keep fit -healthy diet -engage the brain secondary prevention of alzheimer's - Answer -Diagnosis -Check treatable condition (ex: B12 deficiency) -Awareness -Patient and caregiver support Vascular dementia/vascular cognitive impairment - Answer Result from injuries to blood vessels that provide blood to brain Vascular dementia/vascular cognitive impairment risk factors: - Answer -Atrial fibrillation -HBP -Diabetes -High cholestrol -Often after stroke/series of strokes Mixed dementia - Answer a combination of two or more types of dementia occurring in the same person Sensory neurons - Answer Carry impulses from receptors to the Central Nervous System motor neurons - Answer carry impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles/glands) Neurons carry impulse in _________ direction - Answer one Dendrites - Answer extensions that transmit electrical impulses toward cell body Axon - Answer extension of cell that transmits impulses away from cell body (to effector cell or another neuron) Oligodendrocytes - Answer produce the segments of the myelin sheath to electrically insulate neurons of the CNS Myelin Sheath - Answer layers of Schwann cell membrane; electrically insulates neurons from each other Nodes of Ranvier - Answer spaces between segments of myelin sheath Parkinson's Disease - Answer believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental facts (exposure of toxins) -Leads to shaking, stiffness, difficulty walking, balance -Reduced dopamine & norepinephrine Epilepsy - Answer Brain disorder that causes seizures. Caused by: -Stroke -Brain tumor -Bad brain injury -CNS infection multiple sclerosis - Answer Autoimmune disorder that affects the CNS and destroys oligodendrocytes -Symptoms: muscle weakness/paralysis/numbness -No cure Bacterial meningitis - Answer Caused by several types of bacteria -Symptoms: acute fever, headache, neck stiffness, confusion, seizures Bacteria that causes outbreaks on college compuses - Answer N. meningitidis tetanus - Answer Occurs due to exposure to spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani (in soil) Rabies - Answer -Caused by rhabdoviruses of the genus Lyssavirus -Cats, horses, dogs, foxes, skunks, bats can get it -infection from bite wounds, open cuts in skin/mucous membranes -Travels to CNS --> nerves ---> salivary glands natural selction - Answer process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to their environment and that leads to the perpetuation of genetic qualities best suited to that particular environment evolution of social behavior - Answer protection of predators Higher GC levels indicate - Answer more stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis - Answer -hormonal system in the body -stress response pathway -helps control physiological and behavioral change through controlling circulating glucorticoid level HPA contributes to: - Answer the enhancement of children and grandchildren Glucocorticiouds influence: - Answer -glucose regulation -metabolism -inflammatory control -cardiovascular effects -reproductive effects -neuronal effects