Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank

Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test BankAnatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Patton Test Bank Table of Contents Chapter 01: Organization of the Body ............................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 02: Homeostasis ........................................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 03: Chemistry of Life...................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 04: Biomolecules ........................................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 05: Cell Structure .......................................................................................................................... 93 Chapter 06: Cell Function ......................................................................................................................... 129 Chapter 07: Cell Growth and Development .............................................................................................. 156 Chapter 08: Introduction to Tissues .......................................................................................................... 179 Chapter 09: Tissue Types .......................................................................................................................... 189 Chapter 10: Skin ........................................................................................................................................ 223 Chapter 11: Skeletal Tissues ..................................................................................................................... 273 Chapter 12: Axial Skeleton ........................................................................................................................ 310 Chapter 13: Appendicular Skeleton .......................................................................................................... 339 Chapter 14: Articulations .......................................................................................................................... 351 Chapter 15: Axial Muscles......................................................................................................................... 387 Chapter 16: Appendicular Muscles ........................................................................................................... 418 Chapter 17: Muscle Contraction ............................................................................................................... 428 Chapter 18: Nervous System Cells ........................................................................................................... 474 Chapter 19: Nerve Signaling ...................................................................................................................... 506 Chapter 20: Central Nervous System ........................................................................................................ 530 Chapter 21: Peripheral Nervous System Patton ........................................................................................ 582 Chapter 22: Autonomic Nervous System .................................................................................................. 616 Chapter 23: General Senses ..................................................................................................................... 638 Chapter 24: Special Senses ...................................................................................................................... 659 Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation............................................................................................................. 699 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands .................................................................................................................. 723 Chapter 27: Blood ..................................................................................................................................... 758 Chapter 28: Heart ...................................................................................................................................... 807 Chapter 30: Circulation of the Blood ......................................................................................................... 866 Chapter 31: Lymphatic System ................................................................................................................. 894 Chapter 32: Innate Immunity ..................................................................................................................... 935 1Chapter 33: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................. 953 Chapter 34: Stress ..................................................................................................................................... 981 Chapter 35: Respiratory Tract .................................................................................................................. 1011 Chapter 36: Ventilation............................................................................................................................ 1055 Chapter 37: Gas Exchange & Transport ................................................................................................... 1081 Chapter 38: Upper Digestive Tract ........................................................................................................... 1096 Chapter 39: Lower Digestive Tract ........................................................................................................... 1126 Chapter 40: Digestion and Absorption .................................................................................................... 1149 Chapter 41: Nutrition and Metabolism .................................................................................................... 1199 Chapter 42: Urinary System .................................................................................................................... 1250 Chapter 43: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance .............................................................................................. 1300 Chapter 44: Acid-Base Balance .............................................................................................................. 1341 Chapter 45: Male Reproductive System .................................................................................................. 1383 Chapter 46: Female Reproductive System .............................................................................................. 1426 Chapter 47: Growth, Development, and Aging ........................................................................................ 1472 Chapter 48: Genetics and Heredity ......................................................................................................... 1513 2Chapter 01: Organization of the Body Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following describes anatomy? a. Using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure b. c. d. Investigating human structure via dissections and other methods Studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli Examining the physiology of life ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 2. Systemic anatomy is a term that refers to: a. b. c. physiological investigation at a microscopic level. anatomical investigation that begins in the head and neck and concludes at the feet. anatomical investigation that uses an approach of studying the body by systems—groups of organs having a common function. d. anatomical investigation at the molecular level. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 3. Physiology can be subdivided according to the studied. a. b. c. d. type of organism organizational level systemic function All of the above are correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Physiology 4. Physiology: a. b. c. recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things. investigates the body’s structure. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization such as cells and systems. 3d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Physiology 5. One of the basic principles of the standardized terminology is the avoidance of are based on a person’s name. a. homonyms b. c. d. antonyms eponyms synonyms ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5 TOP: Language of Science and Medicine 6. Metabolism refers to: a. b. c. d. the chemical basis of life. the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. a subdivision of physiology. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 5 TOP: Characteristics of Life 7. a. b. c. d. From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 TOP: Levels of Organization 8. , or terms that The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: a. 4 molecules.b. c. d. cells. organelles. atoms. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 9. An organization of many simNilUarRcSelIlsNthGatTaBre.sCpeOciMalized to perform a certain function is called a(n): a. tissue. b. c. d. organism. system. organ. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Tissue Level 10. An organ is one organizational level lower than a(n): a. b. c. d. system. cell. organelle. tissue. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Organ Level 11. The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: a. b. c. d. testes. ovaries. ureter. penis. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 TOP: Body Systems 12. The lungs are located in the: 5a. b. c. d. thoracic cavity. mediastinum. abdominal cavity. cranial cavity. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 13. The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: a. b. c. d. trachea. venae cavae. right lung. esophagus. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 14. The gallbladder lies in the: a. b. c. d. abdominal cavity. pelvic cavity. dorsal cavity. mediastinum. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 15. The number of abdominal regions is: a. b. c. d. three. five. seven. nine. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 16. The abdominal region in which the urinary bladder is found is the: a. 6 hypogastric.b. c. d. epigastric. right lumbar. left iliac. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 17. A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the a. b. c. d. right lumbar right hypochondriac hypogastric umbilical region. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 14 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 18. The abdominal region in which the appendix is found is the: a. b. c. d. hypogastric. right iliac. right lumbar. right hypochondriac. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 19. Popliteal refers to the: a. b. c. d. calf. ankle. cheek. area behind the knee. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions 20. A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: 7a. b. c. d. sagittal. frontal. coronal. transverse. ANS: A DIF: MNemoRrizaItionG B.C M TOP: Body Planes and Sections REF: p. 16 21. a. b. c. d. The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? Umbilicus Pubic bone Xiphoid process Iliac crest ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Abdominopelvic Quadrants 22. Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: a. b. c. d. anatomical position. anterior symmetry. ipsilateral position. bilateral symmetry. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8 TOP: Anatomical Position 23. Two major cavities of the human body are: a. b. 8 ventral/dorsal. inferior/superior.c. d. visceral/parietal. axial/appendicular. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Body Cavities 24. The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the: a. b. c. d. brain. spinal column. spinal cord. thyroid gland. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 25. A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: a. b. c. d. sagittal. median. coronal. transverse. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 26. The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the plane. a. b. c. d. sagittal frontal transverse superficial ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 11 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 27. A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique is called a(n): a. b. 9 endomorph. mesomorph.c. d. ectomorph. None of the above is correct. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 17, Connect It TOP: Body Type and Disease 28. a. b. c. A somatotype characterized by a thin, fragile physique is a(n): ectomorph. mesomorph. endomorph. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 17, Connect It TOP: Body Type and Disease 29. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: a. b. c. d. kidneys. gallbladder. right lung. urinary bladder. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 30. Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? a. Digestion b. c. d. e. Balance Conductivity Circulation Reproduction ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 5 TOP: Characteristics of Life 31. An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a: a. b. 10 fact. theory.c. d. concept. hypothesis. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 3 TOP: Science and Society 32. Molecules are: a. atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. b. c. d. electrons orbiting nuclei.N a complex of electrons arraUngeSd inNconTcentricOshells. composed of cellular organelles. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 6 TOP: Chemical Level: Basis for Life 33. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: a. molecules. b. c. d. cytoplasm. organelles. plasma membranes. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 34. When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n): a. tissue. b. c. d. organelle. organ system complex. organism. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Tissue Level 35. Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): a. 11 plasma membrane.b. c. d. organ. organism. organ system. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Organ Level 36. Blood production is a function of which system? a. b. c. d. Reproductive Respiratory Skeletal Lymphatic ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: System Level 37. The dorsal cavity contains the: a. b. c. d. brain and spinal cord. heart and lungs. reproductive organs. digestive organs. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 38. The ventral cavity contains the: a. b. c. d. thoracic and abdominopeNlvicRcavIitieGs. heart and lungs only. digestive and reproductive organs. brain and spinal cord. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 12 TOP: Body Cavities 39. The axial portion of the body consists of the: a. 12 arms, neck, and legs.b. c. d. neck, torso, and arms. torso, arms, legs, and head. head, neck, and torso. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Body Regions 40. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: a. b. c. d. stomach. pancreas. heart. reproductive organs. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 41. Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs? a. b. c. d. Heart Intestines Lungs Spinal cord ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 42. A sagittal section divides the body into portions. a. b. c. d. upper and lower right and left front and back proximal and distal ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 43. A frontal section divides the body into portions. a. b. 13 upper and lower right and leftc. d. front and back cortex and medullary ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Body Planes and Sections 44. Axilla is a term referring to which body region? a. b. c. d. Anterior elbow Armpit Posterior knee Groin ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 15 TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions 45. The tissue is not a major tissue of the body. a. b. c. d. cutaneous epithelial connective nervous ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Tissue Level 46. “Apple-shaped” and “pear-shaped” usually describe subtypes of what major body type? a. b. c. d. Mesomorph Ectomorph Endomorph Polymorph ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 17, Connect It TOP: Body Type and Disease 47. a. 14 An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): system.b. c. d. cell. organelle. tissue. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Organ Level 48. Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? a. Head pointing forward b. c. d. Body standing erect Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Anatomical Position 49. Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following? a. b. c. d. The location of the heart and chambers of the heart Muscles of the arms and legs The nucleus of the cell All of the above would be studied. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Anatomy 50. The parietal pleura covers theN: a. b. c. d. lungs. heart. walls of the thoracic cavity. Both A and B are correct. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 TOP: Body Cavities 51. The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called the of the organ. a. b. c. 15 cortical part lumen medullary partd. apical part ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 52. The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called the a. b. c. d. cortical part lumen medullary part apical part ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 10 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 53. Which of the following is not a directional term of the body? a. Apical b. c. d. Proximal Superficial Deep ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 54. What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface? a. Deep b. c. d. Distal Proximal Superficial ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms 55. An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included? a. Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac 16 of the organ.b. c. d. Right hypochondriac, right lumbar, and right iliac Right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac Right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 13 TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions 56. As a nurse, you are assistingNa UphRySsiIciNanGwTitBCeOexMamination of a patient. The physician asks you to tell the patient, who is lying on the examination table, to assume the anatomical position. How would you instruct the patient to assume this position? a. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing forward, with hands and feet facing forward. b. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing posteriorly, with hands and feet facing forward. c. Have the patient stand up and place his arms behind him, palms facing to the side, with feet facing forward. d. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing down, with feet facing forward. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 8 TOP: Anatomical Position 57. During a routine physical examination, a patient with an endomorphic somatotype with a large waistline and overall “apple shape” should be advised that such a distribution of fat may lead to what conditions? a. b. c. d. Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and colitis Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes Heart disease, stroke, low blood pressure, and colitis Prostate cancer, low blood pressure, and diabetes ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 17, Connect It TOP: Body Type and Disease 58. If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? a. Distal b. 17 Proximalc. d. Superficial Superior ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms 59. a. b. c. d. The study of microscopic anatomy might include: systemic anatomy. cytology. histology. both B and C. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 4 TOP: Anatomy 60. The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the: a. b. c. d. cytoplasm. endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondria. Golgi apparatus. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 61. How many main tissue typesNaUreRfoSuIndNiGnTthBe .huCmOaMn body? a. b. c. d. 4 8 11 6 ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 TOP: Levels of Organization 62. The mediastinum is located in the a. b. c. d. 18 dorsal abdominal ventral Both B and C are correct. cavity.ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 12 63. a. b. c. d. Another term for posterior is: ventral. dorsal. inferior. proximal. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Directional Terms TOP: Body Cavities 64. a. b. c. d. The term most nearly opposite cortical would be: peripheral. apical. medullary. basal. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 9 TOP: Terms Related to Organs 65. Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of: a. excretion. b. c. d. growth. responsiveness. secretion. ANS: C DIF: Application MATCHING Match each organ to its corresponding system. a. Respiratory 19 REF: p. 5 TOP: Characteristics of Lifeb. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Digestive Urinary Reproductive Endocrine Cardiovascular Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Nervous Tendons Pituitary gland Skin Capillaries Ligaments Spinal cord Bronchial tree Testes and ovaries Large and small intestines Ureters 1. ANS: TOP: H Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 2. ANS: TOP: E Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 3. ANS: TOP: G 20Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 4. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 TOP: Body Systems 5. ANS: TOP: I Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 6. ANS: TOP: J Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 7. ANS: TOP: A Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 8. ANS: TOP: D Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 9. ANS: TOP: B Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 10. ANS: TOP: C Body Systems DIF: Memorization REF: p. 8, Table 1-2 Match each term to its associated region. a. Abdominal b. c. d. 21 Brachial Cervical Coxale. f. g. h. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Cutaneous Digital Femoral Lumbar Thigh Arm Anterior torso Lower back between ribs and pelvis Fingers and toes Hip Skin 18. Neck 11. ANS: TOP: G Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 12. ANS: TOP: B Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 13. ANS: TOP: A Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 14. ANS: TOP: H Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 15. ANS: TOP: F Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 2216. ANS: TOP: D Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 17. ANS: TOP: E Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 18. ANS: TOP: C Body Regions DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16, Table 1-4 Match each term to its correct corresponding statement. a. Superior b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 23 Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial The great toe is to the little toe. The skin is to the muscles beneath it. The vertebrae are located on the aspect of the body. The hand is to the shoulder. The abdomen is to the head. The lungs are to the intestines. The nose is located on the The knee is surface of the head. to the ankle. The ear is on the aspect of the head.Match each set of functions with its corresponding system or systems. a. Reproduction and development b. c. d. e. f. Processing, regulation, and maintenance Outer