AP Environmental Science Exam Solved 100% Correct!!

Cap and trade - Provides a market for companies to buy and sell allowances that permit them to emit only a certain amount; gives companies a strong incentive to save moeny by cutting emissions debt for nature swap - A portion of developing nation's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local environmental conservation measures Full cost pricing - Includes all of the environmental costs to society, such as climate change, loss off biodiversity, and air/water pollution, that are not traditionally reflected in the cost of a good or service External cost - The economic concept of uncompensated environmental effects Ecotaxes/ Green taxes - Companies get taxed for harming the environment Subsidy - Government gives cash to industry, generally with the aim of promoting some economic or social policy The Agricultural Revolution - Movement from hunting and gathering to settled agricultural communities The Green Revolution - The renovation of agricultural practices; relied on heavy inputs, but significantly increased the amount of calories produced per acre The Industrial Revolution - Shift from dependence on renewable wood and flowing water to dependence on machines running on non-renewable fossil fuels The Environmental Era - The modern environmental movement (began in the 1960's)The Early Conservation Era - U.S. started to get crowded; concern for resource use, public health initiatives, and preserving public lands grew Drought and wildfires in Western U.S. and Canada - drastically reducing the amount of carbon put into the atmosphere will lessen the effect, bu it won't be enough to bring the risk down to levels that won't require big decisions regarding water usage Flint Michigan water crisis - after deciding to switch water sources in an effort to save money, supply pipes with major corrosion and lead leached into the water, which led to a man-made public health crisis Syrian refugees/link to climate change - a drought caused by migration that exacerbated the socio-economic issues that were already facing a country. it has been argued that be exacerbating the socio-economic issues, it could have contributed to the spiral of issues that lead to the civil war Fires in Indonesia/Indonesia Haze - the government is trying to get this under control by arresting members of the businesses responsible, as it is causing major health issues and releasing massive amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. however, there is a link between the private sector and the government which is allowing businesses to continue to get away with these unsustainable practices Animus River - at the Gold King Mine near Colorado, EPA workers caused the release of toxic waste water while attempting to drain ponded water near the entrance of the mine. the waste included heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, and other toxic elements, such as arsenic, beryllium, zinc, iron, and copper into Cement Creek, a tributary of this major river in Colorado