Test Bank For Chemistry For Today General Organic and Biochemistry 8th International Edition by Spencer L. Seager

Chapter 3—Electronic Structure and the Periodic Law MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Which of the following elements is found in the same period of the periodic table as tin? a. silicone b. arsenic c. tellurium d. technetium ANS: C PTS: 1 Which element is the first one in the group IVA(14) of the periodic table? a.C b.Na c. Sc d. Ti ANS: A PTS: 1 What is the symbol of the element that is in Period 4, and Group IIA(2) of the periodic table? a. Zn b. Ca c. C ANS: B PTS: 1 Silver, Ag, belongs to what period of the periodic table? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 ANS: C PTS: 1 d. Ti d. 12 If the formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4, what would be the expected formula for the compound between hydrogen and tellurium, Te? a. H2TeO4 b. HTe c. HTe2 d. H2Te ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following statements applies to p subshells? a. The p subshell can contain a maximum of 14 electrons. b. The p subshell is subdivided into three perpendicular shapes. c. The p subshell fills with 2 electrons in px, then 2 in py then 2 in pz. d. All of these statements are correct with reference to p subshells. ANS: B PTS: 1 Which of the following subshells has the higher energy? a. 4s b. 4p c. 4d d. 4f ANS: D PTS: 1 Suppose an electron moved from the second shell to the third shell. a. The move required an input of energy. b. The move gave off energy. c. Electrons can move spontaneously from shell to shell. d. Electrons can't move from shell to shell, but can move into the nucleus. ANS: A PTS: 1 The total number of f orbitals in an f subshell is _____ . a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 10 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a 3d subshell is _____ . a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10 ANS: D PTS: 1 The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a 4p orbital is _____ . a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10 ANS: C PTS: 1 What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third shell? a. 2 b. 10 c. 18 d. 32 ANS: C PTS: 1 How many electrons are in the outer shell of element 15? a. 5 b. 3 c. 15 d. 2 ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following elements should have properties similar to those of nitrogen (element 7)? a. C b. Si c. P d. O ANS: C PTS: 1 Which of the following has the same number of outer shell electrons as sulfur, S? a. C b. O c. N d. F ANS: B PTS: 1 What is the shell number for the outer shell electrons in bromine, Br? a. 4 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6 ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration shown here? 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 a. F b. Al c. Mg d. Ga ANS: B PTS: 1 The total number of unpaired electrons in silicon, Si, is _____ . a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 ANS: C PTS: 1 Which of the following contains the same total number of unpaired electrons as potassium (K)? ANS: C PTS: 1 a. Sc b. Cl ANS: D c. Mg d. more than one response is correct PTS: 1 Which of the following will not have electrons in the 3rd orbital? 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. a. K b. Mg c. Na+ d. Ag+ ANS: C PTS: 1 Which of the following pairs have the same number of electrons in the outermost shell? a. KandCa b. S4+ andAl3+ c. Na+ andNe ANS: C PTS: 1 The electronic configuration of element 17 ends with _____ . a. 2p3 b. 3p5 c. 2p5 ANS: B PTS: 1 d. NeandHe d. 3p3 Which of the following elements contains a total of 10 "s" electrons? a. Sr b. Sb ANS: D c. Cs d. more than one response is correct PTS: 1 What type of electron is the distinguishing electron in S? a. s b. p c. d d. f ANS: B PTS: 1 Which of the following distinguishing electrons represents an element with properties similar to an element with a 3p 3 distinguishing electron? a. 4p3 b. 3p2 c. 3d3 d. 2p2 ANS: A PTS: 1 Which element is represented by the distinguishing electron configuration 5d 9? a. Pd b. Ag c. Pt d. Au ANS: D PTS: 1 Which of the following elements is most likely to be a metalloid? a. Ge b. Mo c. S d. Cs ANS: A PTS: 1 Metalloids can express the characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. Which of the elements below is more likely to have the characteristics of a metal than a nonmetal? a. As b. Se c. Si d. Sb ANS: D PTS: 1 In which of the following elements does the distinguishing electron occupy a d subshell? a. Cr b. O c. Kr d. Sr ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following elements is classified as a transition element? a. element 76 b. element 60 c. element 56 d. element 17 ANS: A PTS: 1 31. Which of the following elements is classified as a representative metal? 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. a. element 30 b. element 26 c. element 38 ANS: C PTS: 1 Which of the following elements is a nonmetal? a.Ni b.Cu c.Ba ANS: D PTS: 1 Which one of these elements is a gas at room temperature? a. antimony b. phosphorus c. nitrogen ANS: C PTS: 1 Which element has the distinguishing electron, 5p4? a.Br b.Mn c. Te ANS: C PTS: 1 The radius of a K atom is ____ a Ca atom. a. smaller than b. larger than c. equal to ANS: B PTS: 1 The melting point of oxygen is ____ selenium, Se. a. lower than b. higher than c. equal to ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following is a noble gas? a. gold b. platinum c. neon ANS: C PTS: 1 d. element 63 d. I d. arsenic d. Kr d. inverted from d. inverted from d. chlorine One mole of an element would weigh the same as a mole of an isotope of the same element. a. Mg b. Be c. Al d. B ANS: D PTS: 1 Which element is used for relieving the symptoms of a cold? a. Au b. K c. Zn d. Fe ANS: C PTS: 1 Which of the following statements conforms to the trends within the Periodic Table of the Elements? a. Elements become more likely to be gases at the bottom of a group. b. Elements become more likely to be a solid at the bottom of a group. c. Elements become more likely to be darkly colored at the bottom of a group. d. Elements become more likely to be more brittle at the bottom of a group. ANS: B PTS: 1 The highest-energy shell of an element that contains electrons is know as the _____ . 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. a. subshell b. atomic orbital c. valence shell d. none of these ANS: C PTS: 1 ____ states that, electrons will not join other electrons in an orbital if an empty orbital of the same energy is available. a. Hund's rule c. Periodic law b. Pauli exclusion principle d. None of these ANS: A PTS: 1 ____ explains why orbitals can contain a maximum of two electrons. a. Hund's rule c. Periodic law b. Pauli exclusion principle d. None of these ANS: B PTS: 1 Choose the correct electronic configuration for the element As. a. [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3 b. 4s2 3d10 4p3 ANS: A c. [Ar] 4s2 4d10 4p3 d. 4s2 4d10 4p3 PTS: 1 Which element has the largest atomic radii? a. I b. F c. Li d. Cs ANS: D PTS: 1 The element chlorine is found in the same group of the periodic table as _____ . a. I b. F c. Br d. allofthese ANS: D PTS: 1 The family name for group VIIIA(18) of the periodic table is a. transition metals. c. representative elements. b. noble gases. d. There is no family name ANS: B PTS: 1 Which of the following is a reasonable explanation as to why atomic radii become smaller as one moves to the right for the representative elements in a period? a. The charge of the nucleus increases, pulling the shells closer. b. More densely packed shells are always smaller. c. Elements become less metallic. d. Atomic radii actually increase as you move to the right. ANS: A PTS: 1 Which of the following is the correct designation for an electron occupying the orbital shown below? a. 2p b. 3s c. 3d d. 4f ANS: C PTS: 1 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. Which of the following correctly arranges the given subshells in order of increasing energy (lowest to highest)? a. 2s<3d<4s b. 4s<3p<3s ANS: C c. 2s<3d<4p d. 4p <4f<5s a. b. ANS: C c. d. All of them PTS: 1 Which of the following violates the Pauli exclusion principle? PTS: 1 Which of the following is the correct valence electron configuration of phosphorus? a. b. ANS: B c. d. PTS: 1 Which pair of the following represents the same electron configuration? a. [Ne] 3s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 c. [Ar]3s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 b. [He] 3s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 d. All represent the same configuration. ANS: A PTS: 1 For which of the listed elements (E) would the energy required for the following reaction be the least? E(g)  E+(g) + e– a. Ga b. Na c. Ca d. K ANS: D PTS: 1 Which of the following metals (M) would produce the fastest reaction with ethyl alcohol (C 2H5OH) a. K ANS: A as shown? 2M + 2C2H5OH  2C2H5OM + H2 b. Li c. Sr PTS: 1 d. Al Which of the following is a representation of a p orbital? a. b. c. d. ANS: B PTS: 1 57. What rule, principle or law is used to explain that an electrons will not share the same orbital if there is an empty orbital of the same energy available? a. Aufbau principle c. Pauli principle b. Hund’s rule d. Avogadro’s law ANS: B PTS: 1 Which of the following is considered a transition element? a. tungsten b. holmium c. radon d. cesium ANS: A PTS: 1 Unlike the original attempt by Mendeleev, the modern periodic table arranges elements based on what elemental feature? 58. 59. 60. 61. a. mass number b. atomic number ANS: B c. isotope composition d. relative size supplements. a. 1 ANS: D How many representative elements are found in calcium citrate? TRUE/FALSE 1. The fifth period begins with Rb. ANS: T PTS: 1 2. A 3d orbital can hold 6 electrons. ANS: F PTS: 1 3. Tin (Sn) is a representative element. PTS: 1 What is the basis for placing groups of elements into a family on the periodic table? a. similar atomic mass numbers b. identical chemical and physical properties c. similar colors, shapes and uses d. similar valence electron configurations ANS: D PTS: 1 Calcium citrate, Ca3(C6H5O7)2, is commonly used in the production of dietary calcium b. 2 PTS: 1 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: T PTS: 1 4. The electron configuration for each shell starts with an s subshell. ANS: T PTS: 1 5. All of the transition elements are metals. ANS: T PTS: 1 6. Sodium, Na, and potassium, K, are in the same period. ANS: F PTS: 1 7. The radius of a magnesium atom is larger than the radius of a sodium atom. ANS: F PTS: 1 8. The magnesium atom loses an electron easier than a calcium atom. ANS: F PTS: 1 9. The distinguishing electron in antimony, Sb, is found in a 5p subshell. ANS: T PTS: 1 10. The fourth shell contains four subshells. ANS: T PTS: 1 11. The second shell has a maximum capacity of 6 electrons. ANS: F PTS: 1 12. Element number 92, uranium, U, is a metal. ANS: T PTS: 1 13. Argon completes the fourth period of the periodic table. ANS: F PTS: 1 14. Hydrogen is a noble gas. ANS: F PTS: 1 15. A bromine atom has a larger radius than a chlorine atom. ANS: T PTS: 1 16. All non-metals are representative elements. ANS: T PTS: 1 17. An anion is smaller than the atom from which it is produced. ANS: T PTS: 1 18. The distinguishing electron for most non-metals is an s electron. ANS: F PTS: 1 19. Tin (Sn), which is found in Group IVA, has four electrons in the outside shell. ANS: T PTS: 1 20. As one moves across the 4th period from left to right, the valence electrons go into the same shell, and the atomic radius decreases. The decrease in atomic radius is due to the increase in the attraction of the nucleus for the electrons in the shells. ANS: T PTS: 1 21. Based on the physical states of the other group members, the yet undiscovered sixth member of group VIIA(17) would be a solid. ANS: T PTS: 1 22. The distinguishing electron for any element is a valence electron. ANS: T PTS: 1 23. The atomic size of the elements in a group increases with the period number. ANS: T PTS: 1 24. The d and f sublevels do not fill when expected because the energy levels for periods can overlap. ANS: T PTS: 1 25. Calcium supplements that are made from calcium carbonate should be taken with food because stomach acid is required to dissolve them. ANS: T PTS: 1