Nursing Care During a Pediatric Emergency Exam with correct Answers

What are the common causes of respiratory arrest in children? - Answer--having smaller airways than adults -having underdeveloped immune systems -lack of coordination -susceptible to choking on food and small objects -susceptible to SIDS What are drugs administered through tracheal tube - Answer-Remember LEAN L-Lidocaine E-Epinephrine A-Atropine N-Naloxone What is the nursing management of a child with a pediatric emergency? - Answer-- maintaining a patent airway -providing supplemental oxygen -monitoring for changes in status -assisting ventilation -offering support and education to the child and family How do you maintain an open airway with a child? - Answer--put a rolled up cloth under the neck to support the airway from closing off. What are the different airway and ventilation methods? - Answer--anesthesia bag/flow-inflating ventilation system -bag valve mask device or manual resuscitator -laryngeal mask airway -tracheal intubation What are the different forms of vascular access? - Answer--peripheral IV route -central IV route -saphenous vein -intraosseous access Where do the central lines go on a infant/child? - Answer--groin/shoulder Where do the intravenous lines go on a infant/child? - Answer--hands, feet, head, elbow, belly. What is involved in the neuro assesment of a child with a pediatric emergency? - Answer--evaluate sensorioum in an older child -evaluate interest in the environment of an infant -evaluate the childs head -assess the eyes -evaluate the childs face -evaluate spontaneous movement of extremeties -may use pediatric glasgow coma scale What are the common types of emergencies in children? - Answer--respiratory arrest -shock -cardiac arrhythmias & arrest -near drowning -poisoning -traumatic injury What are the causes of sudden cardiac arrest in children? - Answer--electrolyte imbalance -toxic drug ingestion -hx of a serious primary congenital/aquired cardiac defect -potentially lethal arrhytmias, like prolonged QT syndrome -hyper/hypotrophic cardiomyopathy -traumatic cardiac injury/a sharp blow to the chest known as commotio cordis What are standard lab tests obtained in the ER? - Answer--ABG's -electrolytes -glucose -CBC -blood cultures -urinalysis -toxicology panel if ingestion is suspected What is the pediatric chain of survival? - Answer--prevention of cardiac arrest and injuries -early CPR -early access to emergency response system -early advanced care For a one person CPR what is done on an infant? - Answer--30 compressions to 2 breaths -hand placement: 2 fingers, placed one fingerbreath below the nipple line For CPR in an infant what is done with 2 people? - Answer--15 compressions to 2 breaths -hand placement: two thumbs encircling the chest at the nipple line For CPR in a child what is done with 1 person? - Answer--30 compression to 2 breths -hand placement: heel of hand/two hands, pressing on the sternum at nipple level For CPR in a child what is done with 2 people? - Answer-15 compressions to 2 breaths -hand placement: heel of hand/two pressing on the sternum at the nipple line.