Graded A National Counselor Examination NCE with Correct Answers Actual Exam for

Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are - psychosocial In Freud's psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists - believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior. Psychodynamic theories focus on rather than cognitive factors when counseling clients. - unconcsious processes The is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in check. The reality principle. - ego The behaviorist generally feels that if it can't be then it doesn't exist. - measured The is chaotic and concerned only with the body, not with the outside world. This is the pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts. - id The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was - Erik Erikson The statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of - Sigmund Freud Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially regarding college students. Stresses a concept known as dualistic thinking, common to teens in which things are conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong. - Robert Perry Known for his work in strategic and problem-solving therapy, often utilizing the technique of paradox. Claimsto have acquired information by studying works of Milton H. Erickson. - Jay Haley Considered a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, especially in regard to the use of systematic desensitization, a technique which helps client cope with phobias. Today his name is associated with multimodal therapy. - Arnold Lazarus Known figure in the area of adult cognitive development. His model stresses interpersonal development. His theory is billed as a "constructive model of development, meaning that individuals construct reality through the lifespan." - Robert Keegan Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is - sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations Idiographic approaches to theories, such as Freud and Piaget, examine in depth. - individuals In contrast to idiographic approaches, nomothetic approaches (such as behaviorism or the DSM) student general principles that apply to - the population Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's developmental research inasmuch as - his findings were often derived from observing his own children A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicated that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered - conservation In Piaget's theory, the term refers to the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if it changes shape. According to Piaget, the child masters this concept during the concrete operations stage (7-11 years). - conservation Conservation and counting belong in which Piaget stage? - Concrete Operations