NREMT Advanced-EMT | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/24 | GRADED A+

NREMT Advanced-EMT | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/24 | GRADED A+ Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC - - BSI (body substance isolation); - Scene Safety; - Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI); - Number of Patients; - Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.); - C-spine (and/or C-collar) Initial Assessment: G-CAAT - - General Impression; - Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage); - AVPU; - ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation); - Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play) Components of General Impression - ASSS-FLOP-VD: - Apparent state of health; - Skin color, obvious lesions; - Signs of distress; - Sexual development; - Facial expressions; - Level of consciousness; - Odors; - Posture, Motor, Gait; - Vital statistics; - Dress, Grooming, Hygiene Components of AVPU - - Alert; - responds to Verbal stimuli; - responds to Painful stimuli; - Unresponsive Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I - especially for Respiratory and Cardiac patients: - Onset; - Provocation/Palliation; - Quality; - Radiation; - Scale/Severity; - Time; - Interventions What is OPQRST? - a mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask when assessing the patient's chief complaint or major symptoms Onset - - When and how did the symptom begin? - Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual. - Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity. Provocation/palliation: - - What makes the symptom worse? - What makes the symptom better? Quality - How would you describe the pain? Radiation - - Where do you feel the pain?; - Where does the pain go? Scale/Severity - - On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst. - How bad is the symptom? Time - - Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years; - The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE - - Signs and Symptoms (history of present issues); - Allergies; - Medications; - Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives; - Last Oral Intake; - Events (leading to present: trauma or medical) Secondary Assessment: V-FITD - - Vital Signs, baseline (VS); - Focused Physical Exam (performed); - Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.); - Transport (re-evaluate decision); - Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized); Order of Initial Assessment - - B-SMNAC; - G-CAAT; Order of Secondary Assessment - - OPQRST-I; - SAMPLE; - V-FITD S1 - "Lub" Caused by the closing of the Mitral (Bicuspid) and Tricuspid atrioventricular valves. S2 - "Dub" Caused by blood closing the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic). S3 - "Ta" Oft referred to as the galloping heart, caused by blood sloshing around in a compliant left ventricle. S4 - A rare noise in the middle of "lub," caused by a failing left ventricle and best heard in the cardiac apex. Ta-LUB-dub, ta-LUB-dub Septum - 2 Sub