EMT211 FINAL EXAM| 260 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by: a. labored breathing and hypertension. b. wheezing and widespread vasodilation. c. intracellular hypovolemia and hives. d. a deficiency of circulating histamines. b. wheezing and widespread vasodilation Distributive shock occurs when: a. central vasoconstriction forces blood from the core of the body. b. blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases. c. microorganisms attack the blood vessels, resulting in vasodilation. d. a significant decrease in cardiac contractility causes decreased perfusion. b. blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases. Baroreceptors, which are located in the carotid artery, aorta, and kidneys, are MOST sensitive to changes in: a. fluid volume. b. blood pressure. c. acid-base balance. d. sodium concentrations. b. blood pressure. Scenario: A patient is presenting with rapid onset hypotension, tachycardia, and absent radial pulses. Which type of shock is LEAST likely to be the cause? a. cardiogenic. b. septic. c. hypovolemic. d. neurogenic. d. neurogenic. Scenario: A patient was shot in the abdomen and has a resultant massive hemorrhage and hypoperfusion. Intravenous therapy would help treat the hypoperfusion by: a. increasing vasoconstriction. b. increasing preload. c. increasing afterload. d. increasing the heart rate. b. increasing preload. Red blood cell oxygen saturation level is NOT dependent on a. the shape of the red blood cells. b. the oxygen level of the environment. c. the health of the respiratory system. d. the volume of cardiac output. d. the volume of cardiac output. Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the control mechanisms that maintain homeostasis? a. Receptor b. Stabilizer c. Control center d. Effector b. Stabilizer The MOST common cause of cardiogenic shock is: a. untreated hypertension. b. blunt force chest trauma. c. acute myocardial infarction. d. sustained pulmonary hypertension. c. acute myocardial infarction. What type of shock is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, and laryngeal edema? a. cardiogenic. b. anaphylactic. c. neurogenic. d. none of the above. b. anaphylactic. Hypoperfusion results in: a. hypoxia. b. carbon dioxide build-up. c. acidosis. d. all of the above. d. all of the above. Which type of shock is differentiated from other types by the presence of laryngeal edema? a. Anaphylactic b. Septic c. Cardiogenic d. Hypovolemic a. Anaphylactic The study of the ways in which diseases interfere with normal body functions is called: a. Pathophysiology b. Epidemiology c. Immunology d. Pathology a. Pathophysiology Blood pressure is represented by: a. Cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance b. The difference between preload and afterload c. Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate d. The difference between cardiac contractile force and peripheral vascular resistance a. Cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance The enzymes necessary for DNA replication are in the ________ of the cell. a. Cytoplasmic membrane b. Golgi apparatus c. Lysosomes d. Nucleus d. Nucleus Which of the following factors may contribute to the development of disease in geriatric patients? a. Genetic predisposition b. Preexisting disease(s) c. Inadequate nutrition d. All of the above d. All of the above The tissue that lines many internal and external body surfaces is known as ________ tissue. a. Fibrous b. Connective c. Parietal d. Epithelial d. Epithelial As blood volume is lost due to a traumatic injury, the body's response is to: a. Decrease heart rate and vasoconstrict major veins b. Increase heart rate and decrease systemic vascular resistance c. Decrease heart rate and promote peripheral vasoconstriction d. Increase heart rate and close precapillary arterioles d. Increase heart rate and close precapillary arterioles The process that produces an increase in cell size as a result of increasing workload is known as: a. Hyperplasia b. Hypertrophy c. Metaplasia d. Atrophy b. Hypertrophy Which one of the following is most likely to result in hypovolemic shock? a. Acute spinal cord injury b. Gunshot wound to the hand c. Left ventricular failure d. Penetrating trauma to the abdomen d. Penetrating trauma to the abdomen Cations are electrolytes that have an overall __________ charge, and anions are electrolytes that have an overall ___________ charge. a. neutral, positive b. negative, positive c. positive, negative d. negative, neutral c. positive, negative When electrons are transferred from one atom to another and the two atoms unite as a result of the electrostatic attraction what is formed? a. a molecule b. an ionic bond c. an electrolyte d. a covalent bond b. an ionic bond The most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid is: a. Magnesium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Potassium d. Potassium Which of the following processes is used when glucose enters a body cell? a. Diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion c. Hydrostatic pressure d. Active transport b. Facilitated diffusion The movement of compounds or charges across a cell membrane to an area of lower concentration is called: a. diffusion. b. selective permeability. c. osmosis. d. filtration. a. diffusion The most common fat found in the human body is in the form of a. triglycerides b. steroids c. cholesterols d. phospholipids a. triglycerides The outer boundary of the human cell is formed by the: a. Phospholipid Bilayer b. Triglyceride Arrangement c. Antigen-Antibody Complex d. Endoplasmic Reticulum a. Phospholipid Bilayer Elements with a full compliment of electrons in the outer shell: a. will form many covalent bonds b. will not donate electrons and become inert c. will participate in double bonding d. frequently participate in hydrogen bonding b. will not donate electrons and become inert Ionic bonds are formed when: a. two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time. b. electron share orbits with neighboring atoms c. cations and anions are held together by their opposite charges. d. hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms in the same molecule c. cations and anions are held together by their opposite charges. How many ATP are produced from glycolysis? a. 5 b. 2 c. 4 d. 3 c. 4 Calcium atoms have two electrons in their outer shell. As a result, you would expect calcium to form salts with atoms having a charge of: a. +2 b. -1 c. +1 d. -2 d. -2 The sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen in water requires the electron to spend more time with oxygen and less time with hydrogen resulting in the molecule becoming: a. Polar b. Bivalent c. Ionic d. Covalent a. Polar What happens to an ionically bonded compound when it is placed in solution? a. Dehydration Synthesis will occur b. Dissociation will occur c. Oxidation reactions will occur d. Hydrogen bonds will form b. Dissociation will occur The amount of free H+ in solution has what relationship to the pH? a. It is directly proportional b. It is inversely proportional c. The pH is based the hydroxide ions no hydrogen d. It is equal b. It is inversely proportional Energy in the cells is stored in the form of: a. DNA b. ATP c. HCO3 d. ADH b. ATP The aerobic energy production of a cell produces: a. Angiotensinogen b. Adenosine Tri-Phosphate c. Hydrogen Ions d. Lactic Acid b. Adenosine Tri-Phosphate a polysaccharide that is formed in the liver and muscle as a result of dehydration synthesis from glucose is a. glycogen b. cellulose c. triglyceride d. sucrose a. glycogen In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the: a. Covalent bond b. Ionic bond c. Polar bond d. Hydrogen bond d. Hydrogen bond