AAOS EMT Eleventh Edition Chapter 6 The Human Body |101 questions and answers

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. A. diaphragm B. costovertebral angle C. costal arch D. mediastinum diaphragm The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: A. foramen ovale. B. foramen magnum. C. vertebral foramen. D. spinous foramen. foramen magnum. Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? A. Blood vessels B. Skeletal system C. Urinary system D. Gastrointestinal tract Skeletal system A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: A. lactic acid. B. oxygen. C. nitrogen. D. heat. heat. If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: A. inspiratory reserve is increased. B. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. minute volume is decreased. minute volume is decreased. What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. B. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. C. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. D. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: A. ventricular contraction. B. ventricular filling. C. ventricular relaxation. D. atrial contraction. ventricular contraction. The central nervous system is composed of the: A. spinal cord and sensory nerves. B. brain and spinal cord. C. brain and sensory nerves. D. motor and sensory nerves. brain and spinal cord. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A. Pressure and pain perception B. Temperature regulation C. Metabolic coordination D. Sensory reception Metabolic coordination Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Cecum D. Stomach Spleen Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? A. Nervous B. Endocrine C. Skeletal D. Reproductive Endocrine Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the: A. urethra. B. ureters. C. prostate. D. renal duct. ureters. What is the function of the fallopian tubes? A. To transport a mature egg to the uterus B. To connect the ovaries C. To supply blood to the uterine lining D. To produce progesterone and estrogen To transport a mature egg to the uterus The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: A. glucose and lactic acid. B. uric acid and nitrogen. C. carbon dioxide and water. D. ATP and glucose. carbon dioxide and water. Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: A. medication. B. disease. C. protocol. D. assessment. disease. A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? A. Hypovolemic B. Neurogenic C. Obstructive D. Cardiogenic Obstructive Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: A. circulating blood glucose levels fall. B. the cells function with adequate oxygen. C. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. D. the cells function without oxygen. the cells function with adequate oxygen. Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? A. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. B. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells. C. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. D. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. The axial skeleton is composed of the: a.) arms, legs, and pelvis b.) lower part of the torso and the legs c.) skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column d.) bones that comprise the pelvic girdle skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column. The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. A. sphenoid B. orbit C. mastoid D. occiput orbit The atlas is the: A. attachment between the first and second cervical vertebrae. B. point where the ribs attach to the sternum. C. first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull. D. seventh cervical vertebra, which is easily palpable. first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull. Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column? A) Sacral B) Lumbar C) Thoracic D) Coccyx Thoracic The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. A.) sacrum B.) coccyx C.) lumbar D.) thoracic sacrum The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the: A.) ilium. B.) coccyx. C.) sacrum. D.) ischium. coccyx. The most superior section of the sternum is called the: A. costal arch. B. angle of Louis. C. manubrium. D. xiphoid process. manubrium. The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the: A. angle of Louis. B. jugular notch. C. xiphoid process. D. sternal notch. xiphoid process. The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the: A. scapula. B. glenoid. C. acromion. D. clavicle. scapula. The bones of the forearm are called the: A. radius and ulna. B. humerus and ulna. C. radius and humerus. D. tibia and radius. radius and ulna. The carpal bones form the: A. hand. B. ankle. C. foot. D. wrist. wrist. The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the: A. sacrum and ischium. B. pubis and acetabulum. C. ilium, pubis, and sacrum. D. ilium, ischium, and pubis. ilium, ischium, and pubis. The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the: A. femoral condyle. B. ilium. C. acetabulum. D. ischium. acetabulum. The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the: A. sacral symphysis. B. iliac crest. C. sacroiliac joint. D. greater trochanter. greater trochanter. The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called: A. carpals. B. metatarsals C. metacarpals. D. phalanges. phalanges. Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: A. tibia. B. femur. C. patella. D. calcaneus. patella. The distal aspect of the tibia forms the: A. medial malleolus. B. lateral condyle. C. Achilles tendon. D. lateral malleolus. medial malleolus. The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint. A. ball-and-socket B. hinge C. saddle D. gliding hinge The vocal cords are located in the: A. oropharynx. B. larynx. C. pharynx. D. nasopharynx. larynx. The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: A. uvula. B. vallecula. C. pharynx. D. epiglottis epiglottis. Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes? A. Three B. Six C. Five D. Four Five As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: A. bronchi. B. alveoli. C. pleura. D. capillaries. alveoli. The diaphragm is unique because it: A. does not receive impulses from the brain. B. is the exclusive muscle of breathing. C. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle. D. does not have striations like skeletal muscle. is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during: A. ventilation. B. inhalation. C. exhalation. D. respiration. inhalation. Negative-pressure breathing involves: A. pushing or forcing air into the lungs. B. increasing airway resistance during breathing. C. relaxing the respiratory muscles. D. a drop in pressure within the chest cavity. a drop in pressure within the chest cavity. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called: A. diffusion. B. breathing. C. ventilation. D. osmosis. diffusion. Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): A. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct? A. The medulla reduces the rate and depth of breathing if it detects an increase in carbon dioxide levels. B. The medulla's primary role is to increase the body's level of oxygen, not to decrease its level of carbon dioxide. C. The medulla is a portion of the cerebrum and primarily responds to an increase in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. D. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm. The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.