EMT Basic - AAOS - Chapters 1-20| 845 questions with verified correct answers

advanced EMT (AEMT) An individual who has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as intravenous therapy, and the administration of certain emergency medications advanced life support (ALS) Advanced lifesaving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination automated external defibrillator (AED) A device that detects treatable life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) and delivers the appropriate electrical shock to the patient certification A process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care continuous quality improvement (CQI) A system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system emergency medical dispatch (EMD) A system that assists dispatchers in selecting appropriate units to respond to a particular call for assistance and in providing callers with vital instructions until the arrival of EMS crews emergency medical responder (EMR) The first trained individual, such as a police officer, fire fighter, lifeguard, or other rescuer, to arrive at the scene of an emergency to provide initial medical assistance emergency medical services (EMS) A multidisciplinary system that represents the combined efforts of several professionals and agencies to provide prehospital emergency care to the sick and injured emergency medical technician (EMT) An individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Federal legislation passed in 1996, Its main effect in EMS is in limiting availability of patients' health care information and penalizing violations of patient privacy intravenous (IV) therapy The delivery of medication directly into a vein licensure The process whereby a state allows individuals to perform a regulated act medical control Physician instructions that are given directly by radio or cell phone (online/direct) or indirectly by protocol/guidelines (off-line/indirect), as authorized by the medical director of the service program medical director The physician who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field National EMS Scope of Practice Model A document created by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that outlines the skills performed by various EMS providers paramedic An individual who has extensive training in advanced life support, including endotracheal intubation, emergency pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and other advanced assessment and treatment skills primary prevention Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring primary service area (PSA) The designated area in which the EMS service is responsible for the provision of prehospital emergency care and transportation to the hospital public health Focused on examining the health needs of entire populations with the goal of preventing health problems public safety access point A call center, staffed by trained personnel who are responsible for managing requests for police, fire fighting, and ambulance services quality control The responsibility of the medical director to ensure that the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call secondary prevention Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent acute stress reactions Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation. airborne transmission The spread of an organism in aerosol form. bloodborne pathogens Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services. communicable disease A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another. contamination The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds or a patient's body. cover and concealment The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection. critical incident stress management (CISM) A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium. cumulative stress reactions Prolonged or excessive stress. delayed stress reactions Reactions to stress that occurs after a stressful situation. designated officer The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues. direct contact Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact. exposure A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur. foodborne transmission The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease. general adaptation syndrome The body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion. hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers. host The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent. immune The body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease. indirect contact Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object. infection The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease. infection control Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel. infectious disease A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace. pathogen A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host. personal protective equipment (PPE) Protective equipment that OSHA requires to be made available to the EMT. In the case of infection risk, PPE blocks entry of an organism into the body. posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident. transmission The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors. standard precautions Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease. vector-borne transmission The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another. abandonment Unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient advance directive Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will or health care directive applied ethics The manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into professional conduct assault Unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm battery Touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent bioethics The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care breach of confidentiality Disclosure of information without proper authorization certification A process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care compensatory damages Damages awarded in a civil suit that are intended to restore the plaintiff to the same condition that he or she was in prior to the incident complained about in the lawsuit competent Able to make rational decisions about personal well-being consent Permission to render care contributary negligence A legal defense that may be raised when the defendant feels that the conduct of the plaintiff somehow contributed to any injuries or damages that were sustained by the plaintiff decision-making capacity Ability to understand and process information and make a choice regarding appropriate medical care defamation The communication of false information about a person that is damaging to that person's reputation or standing in the community dependent lividity Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin depositions Oral questions asked of parties and witnesses under oath discovery The phase of a civil suit where the plaintiff and defense obtain information from each other that will enable the attorneys to have a better understanding of the case, which will assist them in negotiating a possible settlement or in preparing for trial