AAOS EMT EXAM 1 |200 questions with 100% correct answers

acute stress reactions Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation. airborne transmission The spread of an organism in aerosol form. bloodborne pathogens Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services. communicable disease A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another. contamination The presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient's body. cover and concealment The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection. critical incident stress management (CISM) A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium. cumulative stress reactions Prolonged or excessive stress. delayed stress reaction Reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation. designated officer The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues. direct contact Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact. exposure A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur. foodborne transmission The contamination of food or water with an organism than can cause disease. general adaptation syndrome The body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion. hepatitis Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function. host The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers. immune The body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease. indirect contact Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object. infection The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease. infection control Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel. infectious disease a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace. pathogen A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host. personal protective equipment (PPE) Clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer. posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident. standard precautions Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease. transmission The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors. vector-borne transmission The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person, species or place to another. base station Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place. cellular telephone A low-power portable radio that communicates through an interconnected series of repeater stations called "cells." Channel An assigned frequency or frequencies that are used to carry voice and/or data communications. close-ended questions Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses. Communication The transmission of information to another person—verbally or through body language. cultural imposition When one person imposes his or her beliefs, values, and practices on another because he or she believe his or her ideals are superior. dedicated line A special telephone line that is used for specific point-to-point communications; also known as a "hotline." Documentation The written portion of the EMT's patient interaction. This becomes part of the patient's permanent medical record. Duplex The ability to transmit and receive simultaneously. Ethnocentrism When a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) The federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and international telephone and telegraph services and satellite communications, all of which may involve EMS activity. MED channels VHF and UHF channels that the Federal Communications Commission has designated exclusively for EMS use. mobile data terminals (MDT) Small computer terminals inside ambulances that directly receive data from the dispatch center. Noise Anything that dampens or obscures the true meaning of a message. open-ended questions Questions for which the patient must provide detail to give an answer. Paging The use of a radio signal and a voice or digital message that is transmitted to pagers ("beepers") or desktop monitor radios. patient care report (PCR) The legal document used to record all patient care activities. This report has direct patient care functions but also administrative and quality control functions. PCRs are also known as prehospital care reports. Proxemics The study of space between people and its effects on communication. Rapport A trusting relationship that you build with your patient. Repeater A special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency. Scanner A radio receiver that searches or "scans" across several frequencies until the message is completed; the process is then repeated. Simplex Single-frequency radio; transmissions can occur in either direction but not simultaneously in both; when one party transmits, the other can only receive, and the party that is transmitting is unable to receive. standing orders Written documents, signed by the EMS system's medical director, that outline specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care; also called protocols. Telemetry A process in which electronic signals are converted into coded, audible signals; these signals can then be transmitted by radio or telephone to a receiver with a decoder at the hospital. therapeutic communication Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship. Trunking Telecommunication systems that allow a computer to maximize utilization of a group of frequencies.