CFRN Questions and Answers 100% Pass

CFRN Questions and Answers 100% Pass Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) 2-6 mmHg Normal Cardiac Output (CO) 4-8 L/min Normal Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) PAS 15-25/PAD 8-12 Normal Pulmonary artery wedge pressure-PAWP 8-12 Normal Cardiac Index (CI) 2.5-4.2 L/min/m2 Normal Stroke Volume (SV) 60-130 mL/beat Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) 800-1200 When will you develop barotitis/which law Descent problem/Boyle's When will you develop barosinusitis/which law Ascent problem/ Boyle's law When will you develop Baradontalgia/which law Ascent problem/ Boyle's law When will you develop barobariatrauma/which law Ascent problem/ Boyle's law What percentage of Nitrogen is in the air? 78% How do you help prevent Barobariatrauma in obese patients? Pre-oxygenate all obese patients with 100% o2 before lift over What happens in Charles Law? Temperature & Volume Gases expand with heat & volume increases. Gases contract when cold and volume decrease. Gay-Lussac's Law ( Charles gay brother) Refers to temperature and pressure. Think O2 tanks, in the sun the pressure and reading will be higher than they would be @ 5am when there's no sun or heat Henry's Law-Henry's Heineken Oxygen & CO2 transported in the body based on partial pressure. . Bends Graham's Law- Grahams Grape jelly Gases with a smaller mass will diffuse faster than gases with a larger mass. Factors with law-surface area, diffusion gradient, diffusion distance, molecular size, solubility Dalton's Law-Daltons gang Partial pressure of all the gases in a given atmosphere. Torr- terminology Measurement of pressure in mmhg What does the mnemonic DEATH stand for? Drugs, Exhaustion, Alcohol, Tobacco, Hypoglycemia For every 33 feet in depth of water equals how much Atmosphere (ATM) of pressure? 1- a diver at 66 ft experiences 3ATM- 2 of water pressure and 1 ATM at ground level How much does 1 ATM (atmosphere) weigh? 760 torr Altitude zone- Physiologic zone Sea level-10,000 Body functions well altitude zone- Deficient zone 10,000-50,000 HR & RR increase to compensate altitude zone-space equivalent zone 50,000-250,000 How to calculate oxygen adjustment for increase in altitude FiO2 x P1 /P2= .30X760/620= P1: barometric pressure at starting altitude P2: barometric pressure at ending or cruising altitude hypoxic hypoxia deficient oxygenation of the alveoli that will lead to reduced O2 delivery to tissues. Drop in PO2, apnea, altitude histotoxic hypoxia Failure of the tissues ability to use O2 due to toxins. Cyanide, carbon monoxide, alcohol Stagnant Hypoxia Reduced cardiac output or pooling of the blood. CHF, PE, shock, cardiac arrest Hypemic Hypoxia Reduction of O2 carrying capacity in the blood Lack of hgb, sickle cell Explosive Decompression Is approx 1/2 he time of useful consciousness than a controlled decompression at the same altitude Which coronary artery is affected with Anterior MI Inferior MI Lateral MI Septal MI Posterior MI LAD RCA LCX LAD LCX or RCA Which leads are known as precordial or unipolar leads V1-V6 Limb leads- I, II & III are known as Bipolar leads Vr, Vf & Vl leads are known as Augmented leads What is the J point? Known as the area where the S wave changes direction. J point can be used to determine ST elevation, depression Delta wave is associated with what? WPW Osborne wave is associated with what? Hypothermia Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG) of the R Suspect pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponde 3rd degree heart block/Complete AVB More P waves then QRS's with no relationship between them. r-r interval will be regular & the P waves will consistently march out, no constant PR interval In which sequence does blood flow through the heat valves? Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic "Toilet paper my a.." second degree AV block type 2 PR interval is constant & there are more P waves present than QRS. R-R is regular, P waves march out Slowed conduction that drops a beat Tricyclics antidepressants OD can cause what Prolonged QT interval Idioventricular rhythm Rate of 20-40, wide qrs & no P waves are present what is the primary trigger used for most IABP operations EKG What are causes of left shift (high ph) aLkalosis Low temp Low 2-3 DPG hoLds oxygen What are causes of right shift (low ph) Raised acidosis Raised temp Raised 2-3 DPG Reduced oxygenation What patients would have a left shift on disassociation curve? Pts who have had multiple blood transfusions What patients would have a right shift on the dissociation curve? Chronic lung patients, copd, emphysema, smokers The emergency locator transmitter frequency is? 121.5 For every 100 meters climb in altitude what can you expect? A temperate drop of 1 degree Celsius At what altitude will you begin to experience deterioration in night vision? 5000ft MSL After a hard landing what what is the proper shut down procedure? Throttle, fuel, battery, rotor brake, oxygen Per FAA guidelines an aeromedical program can only fly VFR in VMC Ph is a calculation of the presence of what? Hydrogen ( per hydrogen) = acid Bohr effect Promos the unloading of oxygen at the tissue level. Associated with a right shift Right shift you will have: Raised temperature, Raised 2-3 DPG, Raised acidotic state, Reduced oxygenation state left shift you will have: Hgb hoLds O2, Low temp, Low 2-3 DPG, aLkalosis, Lots of co How is the majority of CO2 transported? As bicarbonate in the plasma For every change in PH of 0.1 you will see a change in K of what? 0.6 in the opposite direction For every change in Co2 of 10 points your ph will do what? .08 in the opposite direction You'll see metabolic acidosis in what kind of patient? DKA How do you decrease CO2 1) increase rate ( minute ventilation) 2) verify maximum safe VT( keep Pplat <30-35 How do you increase CO2 1)Decrease rate 2) Decrease VT- no more than absolutely necessary(prevent de-recruitment) Acetylsalicylate poisoning would cause what kind of imbalance? Respiratory alkalosis ASA promotes hyperventilation directly Normal minute volume ( minute volume= Ve) 4-8L/min What does Pulmonary S2 indicate? PE High PIP = Tight airways, asthma High Pplat causes Barotrauma, check your volumes Standard adult tidal volume calculation should begin with: 6-10ml/kg What does consolidated infiltrates indicate? Pneumonia