PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2023/2024

PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXAM 2023/2024 increases force of contraction - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the positive inotrope for Digoxin do? decreases heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the negative chronotrope for Digoxin do? take apical pulse for one full minute - CORRECT ANSWER-How do you assess for the positive inotrope and negative chronotrope of digoxin? Normal digoxin level - CORRECT ANSWER-0.5-2 ng/mL Normal serum potassium (K+) level - CORRECT ANSWER-3.5-5.0 mEq/L YES - CORRECT ANSWER-Do low potassium or magnesium levels increase the risk for dig toxicity? S/S of dig toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER--anorexia -bradycardia -headache -dizziness -confusion -nausea -visual distrubances (blurred, yellow, halo vision) if apical pulse is lower than 60 bpm - CORRECT ANSWER-When do you want to hold digoxin? dig toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER-If a client has had a long history of digoxin and furosemide (lasix) use it could creates a high risk for what? Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Furosemide (lasix) can cause _______ which can lead to dig toxicity. Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem) - CORRECT ANSWER--These 2 calcium channel blocker also affect the heart. So you wnat to monitor BP and for a decrease in HR. -SE: constipation -Avoid grapefruit juice -dipine ending drugs (like amlodipine) - CORRECT ANSWER--these calcium channel blockers affect vessels only (vasodilation) -SE: dizziness, facial flushing, edema, hypotension Furosemide (Lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER--loop diuretic -rapid acting -used foe rapid diuresis in emergencies (Pulmonary embolism) -may produce hypokalemia (assess for muscle craps or weakness) -Hypotension, F/E abnormalities, dehydration, SE of furosemide (Lasix) - CORRECT ANSWER--dizziness, -headache -tinnitus -Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -decreased potassium -hyperglycemia -ototoxicity with aminoglycosides (-mycin drugs) Potassium sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER--Spironolactone (Aldactone) -amiloride (Midamor) -triamterene (Dyrenium) -can cause increased potassium -blocks receptors for aldosterone -inhibits sodium and water reabsorption -take in the morning (diuretics in morning if possible) -avoid salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, ARBs -often take with other (thiazide) diuretics to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure -can be taken with other meds that lower potassium - CORRECT ANSWER-what do you want to teach a patient who is on a potassium sparing diuretic? vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the stimulation of alpha 1? you always want to check the apical pulse, hold if less than 60 - CORRECT ANSWERWhat do you want to always check when giving a beta blocker (-lol) respiratory conditions - CORRECT ANSWER-Since a beta blocker is cardio- selective you want to also assess what prior to administering? Mydriatics - CORRECT ANSWER-agents used to produce dilation of pupils for eye exams and ocular surgery Tamsulosin (Flomax) - CORRECT ANSWER--alpha 1 adrenergic blocker -decreases smooth muscle contraction of prostate capsules and bladder neck - used to treat BPH ***Alpha one blockers -zosin - antihypertensives*** Dopamine - CORRECT ANSWER-What drug is the only drug that can activate dopamine in the body? Extravasation - CORRECT ANSWER-Catecholamines (epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, doubutamine, ect.) must be watched carefully for what? use a soft tooth brush, use electric razors, do not got without shoes - CORRECT ANSWER-What do you want to teach those on warfarin (Coumadin) to do to avoid bleeding? teaching for those on warfarin (coumadin) - CORRECT ANSWER--maintain vitamin K foods (greens, mustard greens,) in diet; do not increase or decrease them -PT/INR moitoring -avoid activities that may cause bleeding Clopidogrel (Plavix) - CORRECT ANSWER--Antiplatelet -you want to hold 7-10 days before the surgery (may not have to hold aspirin, contact MD) Pentoxifylline (Trental) - CORRECT ANSWER--for intermittent claudication -treats ischemic pain Heparin - CORRECT ANSWER--a high alert medication -requires another nurse to check the dosage -a potential SE would be bleeding protamine sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the antidote/reversal agent for Heparin? chronic pain - CORRECT ANSWER-What is morphine sulfate continued release used for? produce CNS depression and respiratory depression - CORRECT ANSWER-What can opioids do? Common opioids - CORRECT ANSWER--morphine -hydrocodone -oxycodone -hydromorphone [dilaudid] -codine