PHIL347 Week 6 Checkpoint Quiz 2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing PHIL 347N

PHIL347 Week 6 Checkpoint Quiz 2023 Chamberlain College of Nursing PHIL 347N Week 6 Checkpoint Quiz Instructions Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity: • Textbook: Chapter 12, 14 • Lesson Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 47 minutes 98 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 98 out of 100 What are the three fundamental reasoning strategies listed in the text? Your Answer: 1. Comparative reasoning 2. Ideological reasoning 3. Empirical reasoning What is comparative reasoning? On what skill is it based? Your Answer: Comparative reasoning is used to illustrate, illuminate, suggest, or hypothesize the process of using what is familiar to make interpretations, explanations, or inferences about what is less familiar. Based on critical thinking skills. We learned four tests for evaluating arguments: truthfulness of the premises, logical strength, relevance, and non-circularity. How well do these tests work with respect to evaluating comparative reasoning? Consider each of the four tests. Your Answer: Test 1: Are the premises all true? This test will not work with evaluating comparative reasoning because true or false are used mainly for evaluating the comparison. Test 2: Are there counterexamples and how difficult is it to imagine them? This question helps measure the logical strength of the analogy and categorize comparisons' plausibility. Nonetheless, it will not work well with comparative reasoning because there are too many cases of similarities and dissimilarities. Test 3: Are the premises relevant to the truth of the conclusion? The conclusion is the claim about the characteristics of the unfamiliar topic or content. It will help establish the relevance of comparisons between topics. Test 4: Does the truth of any premise depend on the truth of the conclusion? Comparative interference should flow from what we know to what we claim to be true. Nonetheless, it does not work because in comparative reasoning there is unfamiliarity. Thus, if something is unfamiliar it is challenging to connect premise and conclusion. Lastly, the four tests for evaluating comparative reasoning do not work to evaluating comparative reasoning. Briefly explain how we can determine if one comparison is more comprehensive than another. Your Answer: To determine if one comparison is more comprehensive than another, we can utilize the four tests for evaluating comparative reasoning stated in question 3. Are the premises all true? Are there any counter examples and how difficult is it to imagine? Are the premises relevant to the truth of the conclusion? Does the truth of any premise depend on the truth of the conclusion? According to the text, the basic question to ask when evaluating a comparison between two objects or ideas or events is “Are they alike enough in the important ways or not?” (p. 248). What are those “important ways” that determine the credibility of conclusions based on similarities? Your Answer: The 5 criteria that can be utilizied when evaluating comparative reasoning: 1. Familiarity