Mastering Microbiology Chapter 1 (Practice questions with correct answers)

Microorganisms correct answers organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye • Microbes include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, and viruses Microbes in Our Lives correct answers • A few are pathogenic (disease-producing) • Decompose organic waste • Generate oxygen by photosynthesis • Produce chemical products such as ethanol, acetone, and vitamins • Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread • Produce products used in manufacturing (e.g., cellulase) and disease treatment (e.g., insulin) Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes? correct answers • Denim fading: Trichoderma • Cotton production: Gluconacetobacter • Bleaching: mushroom peroxidase • Indigo: Escherichia coli • Plastic: bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate Who established the system of nomenclature? correct answers Charles Linneus in 1735 • Each organism has two names: the genus and the specific epithet Nomenclature correct answers • Scientific names • Are italicized or underlined • The genus is capitalized; the specific epithet is lowercase • Are "Latinized" and used worldwide • May be descriptive or honor a scientist Escherichia coli correct answers • Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich • Describes the bacterium's habitat—the large intestine, or colon Staphylococcus aureus correct answers • Describes the clustered (staphylo-) spherical (coccus) cells • Describes the gold-colored (aureus) colonies Types of Microorganisms correct answers • Bacteria • Archaea • Fungi