ATI TEAS 7 TEST EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024

ATI TEAS 7 TEST EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024 What does the respiratory system do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Brings in oxygen to go into the cells, and picks up carbon dioxide to be removed from the bodyguard What are the 7 parts of the respiratory system? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Nose 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx (voice box) 4. Trachea (windpipe) 5. Bronchi 6. Bronchioles 7. Alveoli What are alveoli surrounded by to allow the exchange of O2 and CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER-Capillaries What is cilia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tiny hairs in the nose and trachea that wave particles up away and out What is mucus? - CORRECT ANSWER-Something that keeps the air warm and moist but also traps particles How many alveoli does each lung have? - CORRECT ANSWER-150 million What does hemoglobin do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Carries oxygen through the blood What is pleura? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sacs that surround the lungs What is the diaphragm? - CORRECT ANSWER-The muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity What happens during inhalation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diaphragm moves down (contracts), rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity increases, air moves in to fill the space What happens during exhalation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diaphragm moves up (relaxes), rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is pushed out of lungs What does the medulla oblongata do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls breathing What is chronic bronchitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus What is emphysema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tissues in lungs lose elasticity; tissues can't enough O2 or get rid of enough CO2 What is lung cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells that do not stop reproducing; can spread to other locations because lungs are so central and connected to so much; survival is generally less then 5 years from diagnosis What is heart disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood vessels are constricted, blood pressure rises, heart has to work harder, heart wears out more quickly What is cystic fibrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetic (recessive); lungs can get clogged with mucous What is mesothelioma? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lungs become exposed to asbestos and lose elasticity What is elastic recoil? - CORRECT ANSWER-The ability for the alveoli to get filled with air then return to their normal shape once the air is released What is a spirometer? - CORRECT ANSWER-an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs What is tidal volume? - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of air taken in and breathed out in a typical breath What is supplemental volume? - CORRECT ANSWER-The xtra air that can be inhaled or exhaled with a deep breath What is reserve amount? - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of extra air you can breathe out when you force air out of your lungs What is residual amount? - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of air in your lungs that you cannot get rid of (even during forced exhaling) What is vital capacity? - CORRECT ANSWER-All the air you can control going in or out of your lungs (supplemental + reserve = vital) What is total capacity? - CORRECT ANSWER-From the top of your supplemental amount to the bottom of your residual volume Main idea - CORRECT ANSWER-the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells the reader what the text is about Topic - CORRECT ANSWER-a particular issue or idea that serves as the subject of a paragraph, essay, report, or speech -topic is the general subject of a paragraph -Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a phrase. -main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic - CORRECT ANSWER-What's the difference between a topic and main idea? Key ideas - CORRECT ANSWER-Ideas that support controlling idea Controlling idea - CORRECT ANSWER--your opinion about the topic. - It helps the reader understand your purpose for writing the paragraph or essay Conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER-A deduction made by the reader about an unstated outcome from reading passage Inference - CORRECT ANSWER-A conclusion one can draw from the presented details. anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER-a standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-The basic unit of structure and function in all living things Cellular functions - CORRECT ANSWER-Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement Directional terminology - CORRECT ANSWER-Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.) organ system - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. Organelle - CORRECT ANSWER-specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell Organ - CORRECT ANSWER-A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body Reference Planes - CORRECT ANSWER-Planes dividing the body to describe locations (ex: sagittal, coronal, and transverse) Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of similar cells that perform a specific function. Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. prokaryotic cell - CORRECT ANSWER-cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (Bacteria) Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER-site of protein synthesis Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWER-Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended Gogli Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER-organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages prooteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER-A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-creates lipids or fat Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled. Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. RNA - CORRECT ANSWER-A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER-part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides -four-stage process that creates two identical cells from one original cell. ATP - CORRECT ANSWER-(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER-found only in plant and bacteria this structure is found outside the cell membrane and serves as a more rigid protective barrier mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER-messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome 4 haploid gametes - CORRECT ANSWER--Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes -In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells. Trachea - CORRECT ANSWER-The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Prophase (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER-The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER-The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere. Anaphase (Mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER-The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart. Telophase (mitosis) - CORRECT ANSWER-The fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER-The process that follows the last stage of mitosis. With two complete copies of the DNA now in two different regions of one cell, the cell membrane will pinch and divide the cytoplasm in half. The result is two individual cells that are identical to the original cell. Each of the two new cells have a complete copy of the DNA and contain all of the organelles that the original cell had. Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER-A period of cell growth and normal activity. This period comes between mitosis in the cell cycle. Cells that do not need to replicate will spend their time in this stage. If a cell does need to divide, it will copy all of it's DNA while period. This way,