Colorado Esthetician Written Exam Study Guide With Complete Solution

Patch test - Answer Inside of arm, elbow, small area of face and wait 24 hours Allergy Test - Answer Predisposition Test Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) - Answer Regulates employee safety Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Answer Testing and approving drugs sold Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Answer Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Answer Protective clothing and devices to protect individuals from blood born pathogens Centers for Disease Control (CDC) - Answer Studying diseases and prevent spread Universal Precautions (UP) - Answer Employer and employee to assume that there are pathogens present in human blood that can spread disease in humans Standard Precautions - Answer Introduced by the CDC in 1996, Workers must assume all blood and bodily fluids are potential risks of infection Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Answer Contains information on product safety and possible hazards (calling poison control or 911) Infection Control - Answer Methods to reduce transmission of infectious organisms Bacteria - Answer Single cell microorganisms Nonpathogenic - Answer Harmless organisms that may preform useful functions Pathogenic - Answer Harmful organisms that cause disease and infection Cocci - Answer Round shaped bacteria (self-movement) Staphylococci - Answer Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes Streptococci - Answer Pus-forming bacteria that curve like a string of beads Diplococci - Answer Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs (DI=2) causes pneumonia Bacilli - Answer Short rod-shaped bacteria Spirilla - Answer Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria Flagella - Answer Slender, hair like extensions used by parasites for locomotion (moving about) snake like motion Cilia - Answer Hair like extensions, but shorter and and move in a rowing-like motion Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Answer infectious bacteria that is high resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics Viruses - Answer Parasitic submicroscopic particles that infects and resides in cells, Does not have a cell or nucleus, it is a protein. ex. Common colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, HIV/AIDS Fungi - Answer Microscopic plant parasites that include mold, mildew, and yeast Dermatophytes - Answer Fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections Tinea Pedis - Answer Ringworm fungus of the foot Parasites - Answer Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in a host Scabies - Answer Contagious skin disease caused by itch mite Pediculosis - Answer Infestation of head lice Cleaning - Answer Washing with soap and water Disinfection - Answer Chemical disinfectant that destroys most but not all organisms (must be in for 10 minutes) Bactericidal - Answer Kills bacteria Virucidal - Answer Kills viruses Fungicidal - Answer Kills fungi Sterilization - Answer Destroys all pathogens and microbial life, ex. Autoclaves: using high pressure steam under dry heat Single Use - Answer Disposables items that cannot be used more than once Multi-use - Answer Reusable items that can be cleaned and disinfected even if exposed to blood or bodily fluids Cross-contamination - Answer Touching an object without cleaning hands and then touching another object Aseptic Procedures - Answer Process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies Skin Histology - Answer Study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue Skin Physiology - Answer Study of the functions of living organisms Second Degree - Answer Affects the top two layers of the skin. Asymptomatic - Answer Showing no symptoms or signs of infection Porous - Answer Made or constructed of a material that has openings Nonporus - Answer Has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquid Mycrobacterium Fortuitum - Answer Microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water Skin Histology - Answer Study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue Skin Physiology - Answer Study of the functions of living organisms 6 Skin Functions - Answer Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Temperature Regulation, Sensation Protection - Answer Acid mantle protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water. Forms a hydrolipidic film to protect the skin from trying out from exposure to external factors. Sensation - Answer Responds to touch, pain, cold, heat and pressure Thermoregulation - Answer Average internal temp is 98.6° F through evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation Excretion - Answer Sudoriferous glands; sweat glands detoxifies the body by excreting excess water, salt, and unwanted chemicals Secretion - Answer Sebum; oily substance that protects and lubricates the skin. Sebaceous glands; oil glands. Skin is 50 to 70% water and slows down the evaporation of water Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Absorption - Answer Absorbs water, ingredients, oxygen necessary for skin's health. Epidermis - Answer Outermost Layer Stratum Corneum - Answer (horny layer) thin and waterproof Stratum Lucidum - Answer thin clear layer of dead skin cells Stratum Granulosum - Answer (granular layer) composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled w/ keratin Stratum Spinosum - Answer (spiny layer) cells divide and change shape. Enzymes are creating lipids and proteins Stratum Basal - Answer Above the dermis, single layer of basal cells. Cells undergo mitosis to replenish the loss of skin cells Keratinocytes - Answer Produce keratin and keeps the skin strong, flexible, and waterproof Melanocytes - Answer Produce pigment (give skin its color) Langerhans - Answer Immune cells (support the immune system) Merkel's Cells - Answer Nerve cells (sense of touch)