PARKINSON & ATAXIE
corticale processing
spelers:
Primaire visuele
cortex
⑤*ï>a
. primaire motor cortex
· prefrontale cortex
VisualProcessindie schors vanni een
&
Signaalverwerking gesplitst:
eenaanmaninebeweging
2.
I
- achterste parietale multisensory
schorse cortex
·
spatial sensory information converges
mapsofsensory, e.eysiologische
Bewegenobsegin?
.
- omgeving
krijgen
Zowel striatale als cerebellaire subcircuits
efference cerebral cortex
n euron gevoelig voor beweging snelheid crectors rage
en
copy van output
Doorvectortoekomstigepositiebessend gras vervoeren
·
Beide reporten terug aan motorcortex
v ia ThVL8
Beidehebberinvloedop,zemnviaissystemen CPC heeft
voorgeprogrammeerde beweging voor grasp vector
2.
Saliency (belangs bepalen
sensoryexperiencessilteredtherandompersistentevosalhersenstameliculaire
-
formatie (sie
prefrontalecorexPremie.De re Rationele controle gedrag:
·
problemsolving
.
Bepaaltdoel beweging gebaseerd op info ·
Decision making
sensitiesvoor:
Reward value
saericantroepgaanlangsmet gnitive behalveeen
· .
·
premietasmensentereninitierenbeweging, nogBepaaltbeloningswaarde van
beweging internet een
noGogeenbeweginEtual motor state - daarna een
-Stridumekrigtcollateraetakkenvanalle corticslugaleaxonenexterneheren (normaal inhibitiethalam en
striatale (extrapyramidale systeem)
Learning function of oliva inferior
Necessary information:
·
Belangrijkste:cortexstriatumen Palideenthalamue motorcodeene Cerebellar planning: cerebello-rubro-olivary projection
spatial information:
striatum:functioneren samenwerking agonisten &
antagonisten - coordinatie gewrichten Vestibular: vestibulo-olivary projection
.
L
striatal subcircuit I:subthalamische nucleus Proprioceptive: spino-olivary projection
2x x Pallidhe hypo actief- overstimulated
motor cortex -
hyperkinetische aandoening If near future motor state did not become the present motor state:
·eriseenlegindeegineen
·
GABA-- Glutamaat-p Oliva inferior registers and corrects error
Climbing fiber AP will modify strength of parallel
S
fiber synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic trees
striatal subcircuit2 :substantia
Climbing fibers modify output of cerebellar cortex
S
nigra Climbing fiber APS elict long lasting AP in Purkinje cell
①
exciteren
striatale neuronen
erg stabiel:moeilijk door cortex te
Dopaminerge excitatie verlaagd drempel, nodig voor corticale activatie
= complex spike
&zodalstriatum pallidum kan inhiberen a thalamus minder wordtgeinhibeerd
Parallel fibers synaps on same dendritic tree that are
③.
active at same time will become less effective
X -o
hyperactiefpallidum ->
poorti s dicht L
Parkinson:initiatie
Next time the same circumstances will result in different
8
-o van
beweging lastig hypokinetisch/bradykinetisch
=
output from cerebellar cortex, hence different
Limbisch systeem kan overnemen --
bygevaar, inhibitie pallidum overruled
coordination planning in the future
= motor learning and memory
cerebellaire systeem
-
Cerebellum kruist dubbel-- letsel ipsilateral als klacht
Cerebellum keeps track of motor state
Cerebellum predicts near future motor state based on the present motor state and intended changes
Cerebellum coordinates intended changes of motor state into actual motor state
Cerebellum compares motor state it predicted to actual motor state that occurred
if prediction came true - all good
-
if prediction failed - adapt cerebellar cortex (error signalling) - oliva inferior
&
is basis of motor learning and motor memory
Anatomy of cerebellum
Tectum of rhombencephalon
Cortex with deep cerebellar nuclei
Extremely foliated cortex, very large when deconvoluted - more than half of all neurons in NS
Vestibulo-cerebellum: evenwicht en oogmotoriek
Nodulus & two flocculus
Vermis
Intermediate zone
Hemisphere
Zones hebben eigen systeem om functie te beoefenen
:
Input/output: cerebellar peduncles
Vermis: uncrossed cortico-spinal tract & rubro-spinal tract
· Brachium conjunctivum - superior Intermediate zone: crossed cortico-spinal tract
Brachium pontis- medius
Cortico-ponto-cerebellar fibers
- Hemisphere: cortico-spinal tract
kruising naar contralateraal! Vestibulo cerebellum: vestibulo-spinal tract
Corpus restiforme - inferior
8 Medial longitudinale fascicle
Tecto-cerebellair - visual and auditory
/ alle zones hebben ook invloed op reticulair systeem
Vestibulo-cerebellar - vestibular information
· Two types of afferent axons:
⑤.
Reticulo-cerebellar - fountain of information
Spino-cerebellar - proprietor-spinal information Mossy fiber axons:
Olivo-cerebellar - error signalling
- Carry information to the cerebellum from many sources
Excitatory projection to: central cerebellar nuclei and granule cells in cerebellar cortex
Proprioceptive information: allemaal via cerebellum Climbing fiber axons
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract: Gnostic-like information from trunk Carry an error signal to cerebellum from inferior olivary nucleus
Ventral spinocerebellar tract: vital-like information from trunk Excitatory projection to: central cerebellar nuclei & Purkinje fibers in cerebellar cortex
Cuneocerebellar tract: Gnostic-like information from head
Rostral spinocerebellar tract: vital like information from head Intracerebellar circuits
Mossy fibers:
Output: brachium conjunctivum & corpus restiforme : To central cerebellar nuclei
· Brachium conjunctivum To granule cells in cerebellar cortex
Cerebello-thalamo-cortical - cortical spinal To transverse parallel fiber axons in upper layer of cortex
*
Cerebello rubral - Rubrospinal & rubato-olivary Climbing fibers:
Cerebello-reticular - Reticulospinal
-
: To cerebellar nuclei
Corpus restiforme To Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex
· Cerebello-reticular - reticule-spinal
Cerebello-vestibular - vestibulospinal
Very large flat, longitudinally oriented dendritic tree in upper layer of cortex
Vestibulaire pathways:
S
Vestibulospinale systemen:
Functionele anatomie cerebellum -
Naar nek spier motor neuron pool: bewegingen hoofd to counteract trunk beweging
Vier zones: -
Naar mediale motor kolommen: postural Reflexes to counteract movement
: Elke zone heeft cortex en subadjacent central cerebellar nucleus
Elke zone licht verschillende input en output en andere functie Vestibulocerebellaire systeem: to keep cerebellum posted
Vestibulo cerebellum: coordination eye movement and eye and neck movement
I
-
E Vermis: coordination postural movements
Intermediate zone: coordination limb movement
Medial longitudinal fasciculus: vestibular signal to oculomotor nuclei:
coordination of eye movement with head movement
Hemisferen: planning limb movement & trunk
4
corticale processing
spelers:
Primaire visuele
cortex
⑤*ï>a
. primaire motor cortex
· prefrontale cortex
VisualProcessindie schors vanni een
&
Signaalverwerking gesplitst:
eenaanmaninebeweging
2.
I
- achterste parietale multisensory
schorse cortex
·
spatial sensory information converges
mapsofsensory, e.eysiologische
Bewegenobsegin?
.
- omgeving
krijgen
Zowel striatale als cerebellaire subcircuits
efference cerebral cortex
n euron gevoelig voor beweging snelheid crectors rage
en
copy van output
Doorvectortoekomstigepositiebessend gras vervoeren
·
Beide reporten terug aan motorcortex
v ia ThVL8
Beidehebberinvloedop,zemnviaissystemen CPC heeft
voorgeprogrammeerde beweging voor grasp vector
2.
Saliency (belangs bepalen
sensoryexperiencessilteredtherandompersistentevosalhersenstameliculaire
-
formatie (sie
prefrontalecorexPremie.De re Rationele controle gedrag:
·
problemsolving
.
Bepaaltdoel beweging gebaseerd op info ·
Decision making
sensitiesvoor:
Reward value
saericantroepgaanlangsmet gnitive behalveeen
· .
·
premietasmensentereninitierenbeweging, nogBepaaltbeloningswaarde van
beweging internet een
noGogeenbeweginEtual motor state - daarna een
-Stridumekrigtcollateraetakkenvanalle corticslugaleaxonenexterneheren (normaal inhibitiethalam en
striatale (extrapyramidale systeem)
Learning function of oliva inferior
Necessary information:
·
Belangrijkste:cortexstriatumen Palideenthalamue motorcodeene Cerebellar planning: cerebello-rubro-olivary projection
spatial information:
striatum:functioneren samenwerking agonisten &
antagonisten - coordinatie gewrichten Vestibular: vestibulo-olivary projection
.
L
striatal subcircuit I:subthalamische nucleus Proprioceptive: spino-olivary projection
2x x Pallidhe hypo actief- overstimulated
motor cortex -
hyperkinetische aandoening If near future motor state did not become the present motor state:
·eriseenlegindeegineen
·
GABA-- Glutamaat-p Oliva inferior registers and corrects error
Climbing fiber AP will modify strength of parallel
S
fiber synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic trees
striatal subcircuit2 :substantia
Climbing fibers modify output of cerebellar cortex
S
nigra Climbing fiber APS elict long lasting AP in Purkinje cell
①
exciteren
striatale neuronen
erg stabiel:moeilijk door cortex te
Dopaminerge excitatie verlaagd drempel, nodig voor corticale activatie
= complex spike
&zodalstriatum pallidum kan inhiberen a thalamus minder wordtgeinhibeerd
Parallel fibers synaps on same dendritic tree that are
③.
active at same time will become less effective
X -o
hyperactiefpallidum ->
poorti s dicht L
Parkinson:initiatie
Next time the same circumstances will result in different
8
-o van
beweging lastig hypokinetisch/bradykinetisch
=
output from cerebellar cortex, hence different
Limbisch systeem kan overnemen --
bygevaar, inhibitie pallidum overruled
coordination planning in the future
= motor learning and memory
cerebellaire systeem
-
Cerebellum kruist dubbel-- letsel ipsilateral als klacht
Cerebellum keeps track of motor state
Cerebellum predicts near future motor state based on the present motor state and intended changes
Cerebellum coordinates intended changes of motor state into actual motor state
Cerebellum compares motor state it predicted to actual motor state that occurred
if prediction came true - all good
-
if prediction failed - adapt cerebellar cortex (error signalling) - oliva inferior
&
is basis of motor learning and motor memory
Anatomy of cerebellum
Tectum of rhombencephalon
Cortex with deep cerebellar nuclei
Extremely foliated cortex, very large when deconvoluted - more than half of all neurons in NS
Vestibulo-cerebellum: evenwicht en oogmotoriek
Nodulus & two flocculus
Vermis
Intermediate zone
Hemisphere
Zones hebben eigen systeem om functie te beoefenen
:
Input/output: cerebellar peduncles
Vermis: uncrossed cortico-spinal tract & rubro-spinal tract
· Brachium conjunctivum - superior Intermediate zone: crossed cortico-spinal tract
Brachium pontis- medius
Cortico-ponto-cerebellar fibers
- Hemisphere: cortico-spinal tract
kruising naar contralateraal! Vestibulo cerebellum: vestibulo-spinal tract
Corpus restiforme - inferior
8 Medial longitudinale fascicle
Tecto-cerebellair - visual and auditory
/ alle zones hebben ook invloed op reticulair systeem
Vestibulo-cerebellar - vestibular information
· Two types of afferent axons:
⑤.
Reticulo-cerebellar - fountain of information
Spino-cerebellar - proprietor-spinal information Mossy fiber axons:
Olivo-cerebellar - error signalling
- Carry information to the cerebellum from many sources
Excitatory projection to: central cerebellar nuclei and granule cells in cerebellar cortex
Proprioceptive information: allemaal via cerebellum Climbing fiber axons
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract: Gnostic-like information from trunk Carry an error signal to cerebellum from inferior olivary nucleus
Ventral spinocerebellar tract: vital-like information from trunk Excitatory projection to: central cerebellar nuclei & Purkinje fibers in cerebellar cortex
Cuneocerebellar tract: Gnostic-like information from head
Rostral spinocerebellar tract: vital like information from head Intracerebellar circuits
Mossy fibers:
Output: brachium conjunctivum & corpus restiforme : To central cerebellar nuclei
· Brachium conjunctivum To granule cells in cerebellar cortex
Cerebello-thalamo-cortical - cortical spinal To transverse parallel fiber axons in upper layer of cortex
*
Cerebello rubral - Rubrospinal & rubato-olivary Climbing fibers:
Cerebello-reticular - Reticulospinal
-
: To cerebellar nuclei
Corpus restiforme To Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex
· Cerebello-reticular - reticule-spinal
Cerebello-vestibular - vestibulospinal
Very large flat, longitudinally oriented dendritic tree in upper layer of cortex
Vestibulaire pathways:
S
Vestibulospinale systemen:
Functionele anatomie cerebellum -
Naar nek spier motor neuron pool: bewegingen hoofd to counteract trunk beweging
Vier zones: -
Naar mediale motor kolommen: postural Reflexes to counteract movement
: Elke zone heeft cortex en subadjacent central cerebellar nucleus
Elke zone licht verschillende input en output en andere functie Vestibulocerebellaire systeem: to keep cerebellum posted
Vestibulo cerebellum: coordination eye movement and eye and neck movement
I
-
E Vermis: coordination postural movements
Intermediate zone: coordination limb movement
Medial longitudinal fasciculus: vestibular signal to oculomotor nuclei:
coordination of eye movement with head movement
Hemisferen: planning limb movement & trunk
4
