Midwifery Exam Practice Questions & Answers Solved 100%

What is the first stage of the menstrual cycle (that lasts 4-7 days) known as? - Answer Menstrual Cycle What is the second stage of the menstrual cycle (lasting 8-13 days) known as? - Answer Follicular Phase What is the third stage of the menstrual cycle, occurring at day 14, known as? - Answer Ovulatory Phase What is the final stage of the menstrual cycle known as? - Answer Luteal Phase What occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle? - Answer FSH causes follicle maturation in the ovary. Increased oestrogen causes the endometrium to thicken and become a nourishing environment for a potential pregnancy. Define Ovulation - Answer A period of heightened hormones where a dominant follicle releases an egg into a Fallopian tube. Which hormone is responsible for ovulation? - Answer LH (Luteinizing Hormone) What happens during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? - Answer Oestrogen decreases, progesterone increases due to the corpus luteum. What happens during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle? - Answer Oestrogen and progesterone decrease and the endometrial lining is shed. How long is an egg viable for following ovulation? - Answer 1 day What happens if an egg is not fertilised? - Answer Progesterone decreases, corpus luteum is reabsorbed and FSH causes new follicles to start maturing. Define capacitation - Answer The protective covering of the acrosome of the sperm is removed. What sort of reaction begins when a sperm comes into contact with an egg? - Answer Cortical reaction - cortical granules block any other sperm from entering the egg How many chromosomes does a zygote contain? - Answer 46, in 23 homologous pairs How many cells does the merula have? - Answer 8 to 16 How many cells does the blastocyst have? - Answer 16 to 32 How many days after ovulation can implantation occur? - Answer 6 to 10 days Define decidualisation - Answer Progesterone increases, creating a hospitable environment for the developing fetus. What are trophoblasts? - Answer Cells on the outer layer of the blastocyst What are integrins? - Answer Cell adhesion molecules that work in implantation. What is the chorion? - Answer Fetal part of placenta made out of trophoblast cells Which hormone causes skin pigmentation in pregnancy? - Answer Pituitary melanin-stimulating hormone What is the linea nigra? - Answer Abdominal midline What is striae gravidarum? - Answer Stretch marks What is choloasma? - Answer 'Mask of pregnancy' which is a tan or dark skin discoloration. What hormones cause SPD? - Answer Increased relaxin and progesterone What causes backache in pregnancy? - Answer Increased progesterone and relaxin that relaxes the sacroiliac joint. How does the vagina change in pregnancy? - Answer Increased vascularity resulting in purple/red discoloration What is Jacquemier's sign of pregnancy? - Answer Vagina and cervix may appear purple/blue due to increased blood supply