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DT1 Microbiële interacties UU - samenvatting

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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges microbiële interacties

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September 22, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2023/2024
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DT1 Microbiële interacties
1 Introductie + immunologie




Type III secretiesysteem (T3SS):
-gram-negatief
-injectie eiwitten in gastheer met naald
-immuunsysteem omzeilen/inactiveren
-(celmembraan verstoren -> apoptose)

Micro-organismen:
-prokaryoot:
-bacterie: geen kern, circulair DNA, delen, celwand, flagel
-Gram-negatief: twee membranen, daartussen peptidoglycaanlaag
-Gram-positief: plasmamembraan met peptidoglycaanlaag
-archaea: extreme condities, geen kern, circulair DNA, delen, celwand zonder peptidoglycaan
-eukaryoot:
-schimmel: kern, sporen, heterotroof, chitine/glucaan celwand

,Rijk medium: veel nutrienten – minimaal medium: weinig – selectief: bepaalde nutriënten

Horizontale genoverdracht:
-transformatie: DNA opname
-conjugatie: cel-cel contact via pili
-trandsuctie: fagen brengen DNA in

Lac-operon (als voorbeeld regulatie genexpressie)
-geen lactose -> LacI repressor bindt Lac operator -> geen transcriptie
-wel lactose -> allolactose induceert -> bindt repressor -> transcriptie
-weinig glucose -> veel cAMP bindt aan CRP -> RNA polymerase kan binden
-veel glucose -> weinig cAMP -> RNA polymerase kan niet binden

Aangeboren (aspecifieke) respons:
-planten en dieren
-werkt onmiddellijk
-herkent pathogenen aan set algemene karakteristieken
-uitwendige barrieres (huid, mucosa)
-inwendige cellulaire/chemische afweer (fagocyt, antimicrobiële eiwit, ontstekingsreactie, natural
killer cel)

Vaccin stimuleert productie B/T-cellen

, Antibiotica: antimicrobiële middelen, schade aan celwand/synthese/groeifactor/eiwitsynthese

Fagocyterende cellen:
-neutrofielen
-dendritische cellen
-macrofagen
-mogelijk bij bacteriën, apoptose bij schimmels (beweging hinderen)

Herkennen pathogenen door fagocyten:
-chemoattractants: producten bacterie -> N-formyl peptides (splits tijdens
translatie) en product gastheer -> interleukine-8 en complement C5a.
-Herkennen dus Pathogen-Associated-Molecular-Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs)
door Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) op fagocyten
PAMPS: LPS, peptidoglycan, flagelline, dubbelstrengs RNA, glycan
PRR: Toll-like receptoren (extrac), extracellulair (TLR-4 bindt LPS, TLR-2 bindt
peptidoglycaan/B-glucan), Nod-like receptoren (intrac)
Signaal transductie na binden -> NF-kB complex reguleert transcriptie




Na herkenning macrofaag:
-microben opgenomen via endocytose (fagosoom)
-verzuren fagosoom inpompen protonen (H)
-fusie fagosoom + lysosoom -> fagolysosoom
-lage pH activeert hier enzymen
-productie reactieve O2 en stikstofmetabolieten (oxidative burst) defensines -> afbreken enzymen
-productie cytokines
-antigen presentatie (macrofagen + DCs)
Opsonisatie is binden eiwitten waardoor pathogeen kan worden opgenomen

Complement system:
-20 eiwitten -> cascade activatie proteolytische splitsing (C3 -> C3a en C3b)
-trekt fagocyten aan, vergemakkelijkt fagocytose en membrane attack complex
-vult adaptief aan waardoor doden micro-organismen mogelijk is

Adaptieve (specifieke) respons:
-vertebraten
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