Kettering Calculations Kettering 2023 august Questions With Complete Solutions

PAO2 Equation correct answer: Alveolar Air Equation (7 x FiO2) - (PaCO2 + 10) A-aDO2 or PA-aO2 Equation correct answer: PAO2 - PaO2 25-65 torr on 100% is normal 66-300 torr is V/Q mismatch 300+ torr = Shunting P/F Ratio correct answer: PaO2/FiO2 380+ torr is normal Under 300 = ALI Under 200 = ARDS CaO2 Equation correct answer: Arterial Oxygen Content Equation CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) Normal Value = 17 - 20 vol % (mL/dL) CvO2 Equation correct answer: Mixed Venous Oxygen Content Equation CvO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) Normal Value = 12 - 16 vol% C(a-v)O2 Equation correct answer: Arterial-Venous oxygen Content Difference CaO2 - CvO2 = Oxygen Consumption Normal Value = 4-5 vol% QT correct answer: Cardiac Output VO2/ (C(a-v)O2 *10) Normal Value = 4-8 L/min Qs/Qt correct answer: Shunt Equation Normal Range = 3-5% For every 100 A-aDO2, add 5% on top of the normal 5%. If A-aDO2 = 300, then 3 x 5% = 15% + normal 5%. How to get PaO2 from SaO2? correct answer: Subtract 30 from saturation will give PaO2. 90 Spo2 = 60 PaO2 OI correct answer: Oxygen Index Normal is less than 10 (Paw x FiO2/PaO2) If IO is above 40, put newborn on ECMO Vd/Vt correct answer: Deadspace to Tidal Volume Ratio