Neuroanatomie 2
BWB216
College 1. Basisprincipes ................................................................................................................................. 3
College 2a. Perifere zenuwen .......................................................................................................................... 5
College 2b. Ruggenmerg ............................................................................................................................... 11
College 3. Sensorisch systeem ....................................................................................................................... 13
Dorsale kolom mediale lemniscus baan ........................................................................................................... 13
Trigeminus-mediale lemniscus baansysteem ................................................................................................... 16
College 4. Somatosensorisch systeem ........................................................................................................... 19
Spino-re<culaire baan....................................................................................................................................... 22
Spino-mesencephale baan ............................................................................................................................... 22
College 5a. Viscerosensibiliteit ...................................................................................................................... 23
Bulbaire (gnos<sche) viscerale percep<e ......................................................................................................... 23
Spinale (vitale) viscerale percep<e ................................................................................................................... 24
College 5b. Somatomotorisch systeem .......................................................................................................... 25
College 6. Afdalende somatomotorisch banen vanaf hersenstam .................................................................. 28
Rubrospinale baan ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Tectospinale baan ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Laterale ves<bulospinale baan ......................................................................................................................... 29
Mediale ves<bulospinale baan ......................................................................................................................... 29
Pon<ene en medullaire re<culospinale baan ................................................................................................... 30
College 7. Afdalende somatomotorische banen vanaf cortex ........................................................................ 30
Tractus cor<co-bulbo-spinalis ........................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cobulbaris ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cospinalis lateralis ......................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cospinalis ventralis (medialis) ....................................................................................................... 33
Ves<bulocerebellum ......................................................................................................................................... 38
College 9a. Cerebellum ................................................................................................................................. 39
Spinocerebellum ............................................................................................................................................... 40
Cerebrocerebellum ........................................................................................................................................... 43
College 9b. Basale ganglia ............................................................................................................................. 43
College 10. Basale ganglia circuits ................................................................................................................. 46
• Directe loop ........................................................................................................................................ 47
1
, • Indirecte loop ..................................................................................................................................... 47
• Hyperdirect route ............................................................................................................................... 47
College 11. Limbisch systeem ........................................................................................................................ 50
Limbische associa<e cortex .............................................................................................................................. 50
Hippocampale forma<e .................................................................................................................................... 51
Amygdala .......................................................................................................................................................... 52
Ventrale deel striatum ...................................................................................................................................... 52
College 12. Limbisch systeem en motorisch gedrag ....................................................................................... 52
Neuronale/hormonale controle ....................................................................................................................... 52
Diffuse projec<es met bijbehorende neurotransmiXer.................................................................................... 53
Specifieke projec<es ......................................................................................................................................... 56
2
, MulMpolair
College 1. Basisprincipes
Zenuwcellen die al/jd betrokken zijn bij motorisch gedrag:
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: motorneuronen (efferent, ventraal)
- Cellen benoemd naar vorm/bouw: mul8polaire neuronen
o Met cellichaam (soma) + heel veel afferenten naar verschillende spiervezels
Perifeer gelegen zenuwcellen die motorneuronen kunnen ac/veren?
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: sensorische neuronen (afferent, dorsaal)
- Cellen benoemd naar vorm/bouw:
o Unipolair: motorisch
o Pseudounipolair neuron: sensibel (gevoel) à Algemene sensibiliteit
o Bipolair neuron: speciale sensibele systemen à Speciale sensibiliteit
Via wat kunnen sensorische neuronen motorneuronen ac/veren?
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: interneuron (= schakelcel)
o Liggen lokaal binnen nucleus of met projec/e naar ander gebied
- Cellen benoemd naar bouw: veelal mul/polaire neuronen
Extra func/onele mogelijkheden met interneuronen door:
3
, Belangrijke feiten over motorneuronen!
Motorneuron ligt links in
ruggenmerg/hersenstam, dan ligt
bijbehorende spier ook links in lichaam
Al/jd!
IV = trochlearis
Interneuronen zijn bepalend, niet de s/mulus à Zonder interneuron zal s/mulus al/jd
ac/va/e geven
Axon van interneuron kan naar andere kant CZS/lichaam kruisen (= decussa8e) en kan ook
dubbel kruisen à Commissuur (bijv. corpus callosum, commisura anterior en posterior)
Input 2 premotor interneuronen = Temperospa8ele optelling (neurale integra/e)
• Temporele hiërarchie = Meerdere s/muli vlak achter elkaar
nodig om AP op te wekken (/jd)
• Spa8ële hiërarchie = Hoe dichter synaps bij cellichaam, hoe
meer invloed (plaats)
Ac/va/e postsynap/sche neuron moet synap/sche input de axonheuvel
bereiken (neXo exciterend!)
Ritmische ac/viteit kan door Central PaAern Generator (= CPG) circuits
- Voorbeelden van motorisch gedrag dat ritme vertoont: lopen, ademhalen
Ritmische ac/viteit kan ook door interneuronen die ZELF “spontane” ac/viteit
vertonen, zonder dat ze input krijgen van andere neuronen
4
BWB216
College 1. Basisprincipes ................................................................................................................................. 3
College 2a. Perifere zenuwen .......................................................................................................................... 5
College 2b. Ruggenmerg ............................................................................................................................... 11
College 3. Sensorisch systeem ....................................................................................................................... 13
Dorsale kolom mediale lemniscus baan ........................................................................................................... 13
Trigeminus-mediale lemniscus baansysteem ................................................................................................... 16
College 4. Somatosensorisch systeem ........................................................................................................... 19
Spino-re<culaire baan....................................................................................................................................... 22
Spino-mesencephale baan ............................................................................................................................... 22
College 5a. Viscerosensibiliteit ...................................................................................................................... 23
Bulbaire (gnos<sche) viscerale percep<e ......................................................................................................... 23
Spinale (vitale) viscerale percep<e ................................................................................................................... 24
College 5b. Somatomotorisch systeem .......................................................................................................... 25
College 6. Afdalende somatomotorisch banen vanaf hersenstam .................................................................. 28
Rubrospinale baan ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Tectospinale baan ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Laterale ves<bulospinale baan ......................................................................................................................... 29
Mediale ves<bulospinale baan ......................................................................................................................... 29
Pon<ene en medullaire re<culospinale baan ................................................................................................... 30
College 7. Afdalende somatomotorische banen vanaf cortex ........................................................................ 30
Tractus cor<co-bulbo-spinalis ........................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cobulbaris ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cospinalis lateralis ......................................................................................................................... 32
Tractus cor<cospinalis ventralis (medialis) ....................................................................................................... 33
Ves<bulocerebellum ......................................................................................................................................... 38
College 9a. Cerebellum ................................................................................................................................. 39
Spinocerebellum ............................................................................................................................................... 40
Cerebrocerebellum ........................................................................................................................................... 43
College 9b. Basale ganglia ............................................................................................................................. 43
College 10. Basale ganglia circuits ................................................................................................................. 46
• Directe loop ........................................................................................................................................ 47
1
, • Indirecte loop ..................................................................................................................................... 47
• Hyperdirect route ............................................................................................................................... 47
College 11. Limbisch systeem ........................................................................................................................ 50
Limbische associa<e cortex .............................................................................................................................. 50
Hippocampale forma<e .................................................................................................................................... 51
Amygdala .......................................................................................................................................................... 52
Ventrale deel striatum ...................................................................................................................................... 52
College 12. Limbisch systeem en motorisch gedrag ....................................................................................... 52
Neuronale/hormonale controle ....................................................................................................................... 52
Diffuse projec<es met bijbehorende neurotransmiXer.................................................................................... 53
Specifieke projec<es ......................................................................................................................................... 56
2
, MulMpolair
College 1. Basisprincipes
Zenuwcellen die al/jd betrokken zijn bij motorisch gedrag:
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: motorneuronen (efferent, ventraal)
- Cellen benoemd naar vorm/bouw: mul8polaire neuronen
o Met cellichaam (soma) + heel veel afferenten naar verschillende spiervezels
Perifeer gelegen zenuwcellen die motorneuronen kunnen ac/veren?
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: sensorische neuronen (afferent, dorsaal)
- Cellen benoemd naar vorm/bouw:
o Unipolair: motorisch
o Pseudounipolair neuron: sensibel (gevoel) à Algemene sensibiliteit
o Bipolair neuron: speciale sensibele systemen à Speciale sensibiliteit
Via wat kunnen sensorische neuronen motorneuronen ac/veren?
- Cellen benoemd naar func/e: interneuron (= schakelcel)
o Liggen lokaal binnen nucleus of met projec/e naar ander gebied
- Cellen benoemd naar bouw: veelal mul/polaire neuronen
Extra func/onele mogelijkheden met interneuronen door:
3
, Belangrijke feiten over motorneuronen!
Motorneuron ligt links in
ruggenmerg/hersenstam, dan ligt
bijbehorende spier ook links in lichaam
Al/jd!
IV = trochlearis
Interneuronen zijn bepalend, niet de s/mulus à Zonder interneuron zal s/mulus al/jd
ac/va/e geven
Axon van interneuron kan naar andere kant CZS/lichaam kruisen (= decussa8e) en kan ook
dubbel kruisen à Commissuur (bijv. corpus callosum, commisura anterior en posterior)
Input 2 premotor interneuronen = Temperospa8ele optelling (neurale integra/e)
• Temporele hiërarchie = Meerdere s/muli vlak achter elkaar
nodig om AP op te wekken (/jd)
• Spa8ële hiërarchie = Hoe dichter synaps bij cellichaam, hoe
meer invloed (plaats)
Ac/va/e postsynap/sche neuron moet synap/sche input de axonheuvel
bereiken (neXo exciterend!)
Ritmische ac/viteit kan door Central PaAern Generator (= CPG) circuits
- Voorbeelden van motorisch gedrag dat ritme vertoont: lopen, ademhalen
Ritmische ac/viteit kan ook door interneuronen die ZELF “spontane” ac/viteit
vertonen, zonder dat ze input krijgen van andere neuronen
4
