NUR 155 Exam #2 questions and answers

What is the function/food source of Vitamin A? Vision, and maintains skin and mucous membranes Mango, Carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, green leafy veggies, butter, egg yolks What is the function/source of Vitamin D? Enhances the absorption of Calcium Sunlight, milk, fish What is the function/source of Vitamin E? Antioxidant, and the protection of RBC's wheat and rice germ, Veggie Oils, nuts, milk, eggs, muscle meats, green leafy veggies What is the function/source of Vitamin K? Blood Clotting Green leafy veggies, liver What is the function/source of Thiamin. B1? Cellular metabolism whole grains, cereals, beef, pork, liver, peas, beans, nuts What is the function/source of Riboflavin. B2? cellular metabolism, and an antioxidant milk, cheese, eggs, green leafy veggies, whole grains, organ meats, poultry, fish What is the function/source of Niacin. B3? cell metabolism for energy production enriched breads & cereals, chicken, tuna, liver, peanuts, dairy products, fish What is the function/source of Pyridoxine. B6? protein metabolism, and RBC production meats, poultry, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, dairy products, enriched cereals, corn What is the function/source of Folic Acid? Neurotransmitter synthesis, and DNA synthesis green leafy veggies, asparagus, liver, yeast, eggs, beans, fruits, enriched cereals What is the function/source of B12? metabolic reactions; energy dairy, meat, poultry, fish, liver, eggs What is the function/source of Vitamin C? wound healing, and immune function citrus fruit, tomatoes, potatoes, green veggies, cauliflower, broccoli What is the function of Calcium? bone/teeth formation nerve/muscle contraction heart action What is the function of Magnesium? nerve/muscle function cardiac function What is the function of Phosphorus? bone/teeth strength What is the function of Potassium? regulates heart contraction nerve impulses acid/base balance Foods high in potassium are carrots, figs, and oranges per the handout. What is the function of Sodium? water balance Foods high in sodium are processed foods per the handout. What is the function of Fluoride? prevention of dental caries What is the function of Iodine? thyroid function What is the function of Iron? synthesis of hemoglobin What is the function of Zinc? Growth Normal Lab Values for Sodium 135-145 Sodium is found in Extracellular What is the term/symptoms for low sodium? hypoNAtremia is below 135 neuro problems, dehydration, lethargic, weak, dizzy, confusion, headache, nausea, vomitting, seizures What is the term/symptoms for High Sodium? hyperNAtremia is above 145 swelling, high blood pressure, thirst, high risk for heart & kidney dysfunction What is the normal lab values for Potassium? 3.5-5.0 What is the term/symptoms of High Potassium? hyperKAlemia is above 5.0 confusion, cardiac arrest What is the term/symptoms for Low Potassium? hypoKAlemia is below 3.5 heart irregularities, lethargy, fatigue, leg cramps, muscle weakness What is the normal lab range for Calcium? 8.5-10.5 What is the term/symptoms for Low Calcium? Tests for low Calcium? hypoCAlcemia is below 8.5 neuromuscular issues, muscle tremors, tingling, confusion, anxiety *tests -> Chvostek's-> tap on side of face causes winl and Trousseau's -> pump a BP cuff and will cuff What is the term/symptoms for high calcium? hyperCAlcemia is above 10.5 neuromuscular issues, mescle tremors, tingling, confusion, anxiety What is the normal lab range for Magnesium? 1.5 - 2.5 What is the term/symptoms for Low Magnesium? hypoMAgnesmia is below 1.5 tachycardia, increase refelxes, short breath, anxiety, shaking, tremors, irritation What is the term/symptoms of High Magnesium? hyperMAgnesmia is above 2.5 lethargy, hypotesion, low heart rate, respiratory depression, watch neuromuscular What is the normal lab level of Chloride? 95-108 works w Sodium to balance fluids What is the function & normal lab range for Phosphate (PO4)? 2.4 - 4.5 binds w/Calcium to promote muscle & nerve action Describe high phosphate & low phosphate & food sources. High- patient in chemo or renal failure Low-patient with alcohol withdraw or DKA Sources-meat & fish, milk, carbonated beverages Describe Bicarbonate (HCO3) function & lab ranges. 22-26 acid/base balance, kidney function, respiratory system. found in ECF & ICF Describe fluid volume deficit. hypoVOlemia isotonic loss of water & electrolytes (loss of ECF) from trauma/surgery What is Third Space Syndrome? fluid moved from vascular space to interstitial space *cellulitis/burns->fluids rush to site (oozing liquid) Describe fluid volume excess. hyperVOlemia too much Sodium in ECF from ingestion of too much Sodium, poor cardiac function, RENAL patients isotonic gain of water & electrolytes Edema->pitting edema Dyspnea and rales heard on auscultation. Patient would have increased blood pressure as well. What is subjective data? aka symptoms apparent only to the person affected and can only be described/verified by that person (Subjective patient Says) What is objective data? aka signs detectable by an observer or measured or tested against an acceptable standard (Objective nurse Observes)