PALS Certification Exam Review (Latest 2023/ 2024) | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct

PALS Certification Exam Review (Latest 2023/ 2024) | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct QUESTION What is pulseless arrest? Answer: Pulseless arrest refers to the cessation of blood circulation caused by absent or ineffective cardiac mechanical activity QUESTION What is the most common cause of pediatric cardiac arrest? Answer: Most pediatric cardiac arrests are hypoxic/asphyxial arrests that result from a progression of respiratory distress, respiratory failure, or shock rather than from primary cardiac arrhythmias ("sudden cardiac arrest"). QUESTION What is the most frequent presentation of children with pulseless arrest? Answer: Children with pulseless arrest usually appear apneic or display a few agonal gasps. They have no palpable pulses and are unresponsive. QUESTION How can we classify pulseless arrest rhythms? Answer: (1) Shockable rhythms and (2) Asystole and Pulseless electrical activity QUESTION Which are the "shockable" rhythms? Answer: (1) Shockable rhythms: (a) V. Fib (b)Pulseless V. Tach; and (c) TDP QUESTION What is asystole? What is the most common cause in children? Answer: Patients with asystole have cardiac standstill with no discernible electrical activity. The most common cause in children is respiratory failure progressing to critical hypoxemia, bradycardia, and then cardiac standstill. Underlying conditions include airway obstruction, pneumonia, submersion, hypothermia, sepsis, and poisoning (eg, carbon monoxide poisoning, sedativehypnotics) leading to hypoxia and acidosis. QUESTION What is Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)? Answer: PEA consists of any organized electrical activity observed on ECG in a patient with no central palpable pulse. QUESTION PEA 6 H's Answer: Hypovolemia; hypoxia, hydrogen ions, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia and, hypothermia eat Bananas when Dry, Acidic, Hungry or Cold QUESTION PEA 5 T's Answer: Toxins, Tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), Trauma She uses Toxic Tampons while playing the Trombone under Traumatic Tension QUESTION BRADYCARDIA ALGORITHM: What is the focus of bradycardia management in children? Answer: (1) Reestablishing or optimizing oxygenation and ventilation (2) Supporting circulation with chest compressions for patients with poor perfusion and a heart rate <60 beats per minute (3) Using medications (ie, epinephrine or atropine) to increase heart rate and cardiac output QUESTION What if the above three measures fail? Answer: If these measures fail, transcutaneous pacing can be attempted; however, the same factors that are producing refractory bradycardia (eg, hypoxia, hypothermia, electrolyte disturbance, or drug overdose) may prevent effective electrical capture. QUESTION TACHYCARDIA ALGORITHM: What is the focus of tachycardia management in children? Answer: The management of sinus tachycardia focuses on treatment of the underlying physiologic derangement and is largely supportive.