Photoelectric eject
I
Forces gaugebosa
Particles exchange particle
prosors of sufficient energy
absorbed
wher al
by electrons ente
Em virtualphoran ,
I
surface of a metal ,
liberating then
Exmax=hf-
-
Strong nuchar pian/gewen Exmax
- neaRecten I weak wi , w+(20) a
~
Held together
by the Hadron leptors
I h planck's 6
626x10-34 energy
graving content
graviron
=
-candamental)
-
.
stong nuclear force da proter to
e g
electors , muone
7 =
frequency
-
- .
,
0 .
Sfm
3-4 Fr
=
↳epson
number ↓
& work function minimum energy lo liberate
I
=
Bayons electrons
-
X mesens
- made up of g ,5 charge lepton and bayen
,
Exmax= energy left over' after on e is liberated
-
number must always be
made up
of
fo-threshold
-
minimum frequency needed for electors *
I
-
+
-
+
ene frequency
at StateSlig
0
-
.
3
- e .
g , , conserved
.
quarks
to be liberated
e g P strangeness is
-
repulsive range is
n
anly
.
-
, ,
3 4 fan Bayon conserved
-
in
-
number
strong
interactions
The protoclectric effect proved the
particle nature y light due to the one-to-one interactions between
quarks se fundamental Protors and electrons . I t is are-to-one because
if
it were
eney a wave the
increasing the inserting a light
would increase the Er liberated
I the elec tors but it doesn't , all it does is increase the number o electrons
that se emitted per second .
to use E
=
MC2
To conver mass energy , stopping potential -
the pd needed to stop
any electron from reaching the other side
Annihilation -
when a particle and its corresponding antiparticl alice and Her rest
energy
is converted
Exmax= Vs
-
e
into protors
e-get
-
charge a n elec tron
e=
-
↳ E =
mc2 +"zm -
Stopping potential
=
Vs
Be
&
=
n
Pair production particle a d its
corresponding antiparticle The proton
↑
when turns must have
proten
-
a into a .
at least the same amount or energy as see rest energy es the particles de Broglie
The is wavelength that particle
-
de Broglie wavelength the
a can have .
↓Fi
i
The wave r a t u re I a particle was proven by riving elec tors at a graphite
which
film produces circular fringes a a
florescen ser ver befind This is
Particles
.
because the elec tors
diffracting behind the carber atoms
and
are
Quantum
~ - 7 -
+ In a
graph
~
I
*
maxima
minima
Radiation ↓
>d
I
Ionising Hey give evehos enough energy to leave abos
their
meas
b Fr
Alpha particle-belium nucleus
,
He -
x =
=
highly corising it is very heavy
-
as
-weakly penetrating -
Stopped by piell d Paper ar Jew am or air
-
a
h =
de Broglie's wavelength
238
q2u
-
2 Th +
! -
me P/mv :
moveneum/mass velocity x
Beta-fast moving C
:
electron ->
-medium isnising abiviry
-
stopped by few em of aluminium
penetrating and a
Betadeay -Y +1 13+ Ye
antirumina Fluorescent tube
-
C t conserve number
- upon
,
(gark)
-
13 or e
cattoce
r
~- T andre " it
&
E
, e
me
-]
7 [ S
n
cor down crise
Thes This accelerates free electrons to
quark tubes contain mercury , across a high voltage is applied .
some
of the mercury atoms which produces more
free electrons
gamma-high energy Emray or
photon emitted from a high energy nucleus -
when the e aro u s collide with elec trons atows they are excited
gree in
mercury , to higher energy levels
weakly imising
-
when the dexcite envir UV range
electrone they photons in the
- highly penetrative
,
stopped by m's concrete
-
a
few er
A
prospher casing in
the tube absorbe the
protons and enit visible light
Es
Isorope-some element -
save number of Provons RAM- number
Energy levels
+
a protons
different relasive atomic mass different number g neutrons 12
exched to
-
higher energy levers Either by absorbing pretors that are equal to
-
neutrons Electrons be the
C can .
. !* a difference Or if a
proton number we r
eg free electron colides with i t giving the elec tron
-
energy
-
in
6 energy
.
,
,
number a potor
and number a Ionisation energy -
if enough energy is given to an elec tron it will completely escape the a to m
Specific charge
,
-
elections
(CKg .
-> absorbrier Spectrum
charge to mass ratio
-
I election
voit-charge of an election when accelerated
through a
pd of are voit emission
19
-> specim
I
-
-
1 6.
x 10
-
lev
I
Forces gaugebosa
Particles exchange particle
prosors of sufficient energy
absorbed
wher al
by electrons ente
Em virtualphoran ,
I
surface of a metal ,
liberating then
Exmax=hf-
-
Strong nuchar pian/gewen Exmax
- neaRecten I weak wi , w+(20) a
~
Held together
by the Hadron leptors
I h planck's 6
626x10-34 energy
graving content
graviron
=
-candamental)
-
.
stong nuclear force da proter to
e g
electors , muone
7 =
frequency
-
- .
,
0 .
Sfm
3-4 Fr
=
↳epson
number ↓
& work function minimum energy lo liberate
I
=
Bayons electrons
-
X mesens
- made up of g ,5 charge lepton and bayen
,
Exmax= energy left over' after on e is liberated
-
number must always be
made up
of
fo-threshold
-
minimum frequency needed for electors *
I
-
+
-
+
ene frequency
at StateSlig
0
-
.
3
- e .
g , , conserved
.
quarks
to be liberated
e g P strangeness is
-
repulsive range is
n
anly
.
-
, ,
3 4 fan Bayon conserved
-
in
-
number
strong
interactions
The protoclectric effect proved the
particle nature y light due to the one-to-one interactions between
quarks se fundamental Protors and electrons . I t is are-to-one because
if
it were
eney a wave the
increasing the inserting a light
would increase the Er liberated
I the elec tors but it doesn't , all it does is increase the number o electrons
that se emitted per second .
to use E
=
MC2
To conver mass energy , stopping potential -
the pd needed to stop
any electron from reaching the other side
Annihilation -
when a particle and its corresponding antiparticl alice and Her rest
energy
is converted
Exmax= Vs
-
e
into protors
e-get
-
charge a n elec tron
e=
-
↳ E =
mc2 +"zm -
Stopping potential
=
Vs
Be
&
=
n
Pair production particle a d its
corresponding antiparticle The proton
↑
when turns must have
proten
-
a into a .
at least the same amount or energy as see rest energy es the particles de Broglie
The is wavelength that particle
-
de Broglie wavelength the
a can have .
↓Fi
i
The wave r a t u re I a particle was proven by riving elec tors at a graphite
which
film produces circular fringes a a
florescen ser ver befind This is
Particles
.
because the elec tors
diffracting behind the carber atoms
and
are
Quantum
~ - 7 -
+ In a
graph
~
I
*
maxima
minima
Radiation ↓
>d
I
Ionising Hey give evehos enough energy to leave abos
their
meas
b Fr
Alpha particle-belium nucleus
,
He -
x =
=
highly corising it is very heavy
-
as
-weakly penetrating -
Stopped by piell d Paper ar Jew am or air
-
a
h =
de Broglie's wavelength
238
q2u
-
2 Th +
! -
me P/mv :
moveneum/mass velocity x
Beta-fast moving C
:
electron ->
-medium isnising abiviry
-
stopped by few em of aluminium
penetrating and a
Betadeay -Y +1 13+ Ye
antirumina Fluorescent tube
-
C t conserve number
- upon
,
(gark)
-
13 or e
cattoce
r
~- T andre " it
&
E
, e
me
-]
7 [ S
n
cor down crise
Thes This accelerates free electrons to
quark tubes contain mercury , across a high voltage is applied .
some
of the mercury atoms which produces more
free electrons
gamma-high energy Emray or
photon emitted from a high energy nucleus -
when the e aro u s collide with elec trons atows they are excited
gree in
mercury , to higher energy levels
weakly imising
-
when the dexcite envir UV range
electrone they photons in the
- highly penetrative
,
stopped by m's concrete
-
a
few er
A
prospher casing in
the tube absorbe the
protons and enit visible light
Es
Isorope-some element -
save number of Provons RAM- number
Energy levels
+
a protons
different relasive atomic mass different number g neutrons 12
exched to
-
higher energy levers Either by absorbing pretors that are equal to
-
neutrons Electrons be the
C can .
. !* a difference Or if a
proton number we r
eg free electron colides with i t giving the elec tron
-
energy
-
in
6 energy
.
,
,
number a potor
and number a Ionisation energy -
if enough energy is given to an elec tron it will completely escape the a to m
Specific charge
,
-
elections
(CKg .
-> absorbrier Spectrum
charge to mass ratio
-
I election
voit-charge of an election when accelerated
through a
pd of are voit emission
19
-> specim
I
-
-
1 6.
x 10
-
lev
