Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers

Visceral pain: - Answer Originates from organs and may lead to referred pain The gate control theory of pain: - Answer Supports the use of ice, heat, and massage A patient with a history of stroke 4 years ago resulting in aphasia (inability to verbally express thoughts) returns to the surgical unit after a cholecystectomy. The surgeon ordered an intravenous pain medication every 4 hours as needed (PRN) for postoperative pain. The best nursing intervention related to pain control after surgery would be to: - Answer Assess the patient's level of pain using a FLACC Pain Scale and administer pain medication as ordered A nurse on a post-surgical unit is providing care for a 76 year-old female client who is 2 days post-hip replacement and who states that her pain has been out of control for the last several hours, though she is not exhibiting signs of pain. Which of the following guidelines should the nurse use for short-term and long-term treatment of the client's pain? - Answer Knowing that the client's self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator of pain Which statement by the nurse explaining the purpose of positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the patient with ARDS is correct? - Answer "PEEP prevents the lung air sacs from collapsing during exhalation." The nurse is caring for a patient who was hospitalized 2 days earlier with aspiration pneumonia. Which assessment information is most important to communicate to the health care provider? - Answer The patient's oxygen saturation (SaO2) has dropped to 85% even though the O2 flow rate has been increased. A male patient's X-ray result reveals bilateral white-outs, indicating adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This syndrome results from: - Answer Increased pulmonary capillary permeability Which patient is at MOST risk for developing ARDS and has the worst prognosis? - Answer a 69-year-old female with sepsis causes by a gram-negative bacterial infection You're teaching a class on respiratory concepts to a group of new nurses. You're discussing the topic of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). At the beginning of the lecture, you assess the new nurses understanding about this condition. Which statement by a new nurse demonstrates he understands the condition? - Answer "This condition develops because alveolar capillary membrane permeability has changed leading to fluid collecting in the alveoli sacs." Which of the following conditions can place a client at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? - Answer Sepsis A client was admitted to the hospital 24 hours ago after sustaining blunt chest trauma. The nurse monitors for which earliest clinical manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? - Answer Increased respiratory rate The patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) would exhibit which of the following symptoms? - Answer Decreasing PaO2 levels despite increased O2 administration Which statement about shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is correct? - Answer With a shift to the right, less O2 can be picked up at the lungs, but it is more readily given up to the tissues Which of the following positions would not be well tolerated in the patient with ARF? - Answer Supine with the bed flat When fluid is present in the alveoli: - Answer Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired