Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions & Answers Graded A+

Movement of fluid in and out of the capillary bed is primarily controlled by two forces. Osmotic pressure is best described as: A) the attraction of large molecules to each other B) the force that pushes fluid out of the interstitial space C) the pressure created in the capillaries when the heart contracts D) the attracting force exerted by intravascular proteins and electrolytes - Answer D) the attracting force exerted by intravascular proteins and electrolytes What are some general causes of edema (select 2 that apply): A) vomiting and diarrhea B) increased blood volume C) excess plasma proteins D) fluid and volume overload - Answer B&D B) increased blood volume D) fluid and volume overload What is the most common reason for a person to have hyponatremia? A) excessive sweating and diarrhea B) hypertonic fluid in the intracellular space C) too much sodium in the vascular space D) high concentration of serum in phosphate - Answer A) excessive sweating and diarrhea What electrolyte imbalance is present in hyperkalemia? A) too much calcium in the blood B) too much sodium in the extravascular space C) too much potassium in the vascular space D) too much magnesium in the intracellular space - Answer C) too much potassium in the vascular space With a calcium deficit the body reabsorbs stored calcium for cellular metabolism. What is the usual source of the calcium? A) fat deposits B) kidney stones C) muscle tissue D) bone mass - Answer D) bone mass Altered levels of which ion are primarily responsible for changes in acid-base balance in the body? A) phosphorus (Ph-) B) sodium (Na+) C) hydrogren (H+) D) carbonic acid (HCO3-) - Answer C) Hydrogren (H+) What symptom(s) would you expect to see in a person with hypocalcemia? A) anorexia and vomiting B) constipation C) tingling fingers D) kidney stones - Answer C) Tingling fingers Arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH: 7.32, PaCO2: 89, HCO3: 26. What is the probable acid-base imbalance? A) respiratory alkalosis B) metabolic alkalosis C) respiratory acidosis D) metabolic acidosis - Answer C) respiratory acidosis How do cells behave in a hypertonic solution? A) remain the same B) enlarge C) no answer text gave me D) shrink - Answer D) shrink Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? A) loss of stomach acid through vomiting B) inadequate production of bicarbonate C) breathing too fast and deep D) breathing too slow and shallow - Answer A) loss of stomach acid through vomiting