TESOL Praxis Final exam questions and answers

Which of the following is true about the Migrant Education Program? It currently has programs in every state. Funding for Title III programs in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is directly related to outcomes from which of the following court case(s)? Castañeda v. Pickard Lau v. Nicols (U.S. Supreme Court, 1974) determined that ELLs must be given what right? To instruction that they have the skills to understand The primary approach to teaching English to non-native speakers prior to 1960 was: Immersion In 1981 the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit overturned a 1978 federal ruling in the case of Castañeda v. Pickard. As a result, a three-pronged assessment was established to ensure that bilingual programs met requirements established by what act? Equal Educational Opportunities Act When does Special Education law apply to LEPs? Always What 1982 Supreme Court case established for undocumented immigrant children the right to a free education? Plyer v. Doe; 14th amendment Which of the following is NOT a requirement of ELL programs as a result of the 1981 Castañeda v. Pickard case? The program must offer bilingual instruction for the first year of enrollment. With the implementation of NCLB, states were required to use Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives (AMAOs) and English Language Proficiency (ELP) assessments. Because many states did not already have these in place, a consortium of stats was created to assist states in developing them. What was this organization called? WIDA In December 2015, a new version of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed. What is it called? ESSA, (Every Student Succeeds Act) Materials that take into account students' backgrounds, experiences, and interests are said to be Culturally appropriate materials Research indicates that the Silent/Receptive stage of second language acquisition typically lasts up to________, during which time a learner understands and can respond to roughly ___________ words. Six months; 500 Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis theorizes that L2 acquisition can be supported or harmed by: The learner's positive or negative level of emotional comfort in L2 In language acquisition, what is Stage II also called? Early Production Stage IEP refers to: Individualized Education Plan A student at the Speech Emergence Stage of language acquisition is considered fluent. This statement is: False CRT/CRP All of the above (Refers to Culturally Responsive Teaching/Pedagogy ; Is associated with Gloria Ladson-Billings theory, research and writing ; Supports the use of curriculum that addresses student language and life experience ; Requires adjustments on the part of the current US teacher population, who are overwhelmingly white women) Current research suggests that employing a student's L1 in support of his or her L2 is likely to: Increase comprehensibility Which takes longer to develop, BICS or CALP? CALP According to Cummins' Threshold Hypothesis, cognitive and academic growth in L2 is largely dependent on: Development of CALP in L1 Long-term English learners (LTELs) demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT: Typically are in grade K-5 A learner-centered class is likely to: All of the above (have a teacher who uses multiple sources to find out personal and academic information about students ; Engages in collaborative activities, projects and inquiry ; Makes connections between learners' life experience and academic content ; Utilizes a variety of group configurations (pairs, small groups, whole class)) Students arriving with limited or interrupted formal schooling: All of the above (Face additional barriers due to limited or no native language literacy to support the academic experience ; Are also referred to as Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFE) ; Often have difficulty with coursework and do poorly on standardized tests, without literacy or knowledge of the organization and structures of schools) North Carolina is recognized as a new Gateway State. This means: The state has become home to large numbers of immigrants in recent history, though this was not historically true until the last few decades. Immigrants in the most recent wave of US immigration differ from previous groups: All of the above (They face ever increasing barriers to legal immigration to the US ; Come from different parts of the world than previous waves of immigrants ; They are entering the US and settling in areas that previously did not have high numbers of immigrants and are not prepared for academic and community needs) How can ESOL teachers best assist students with Interrupted Formal Education? By providing students with individual attention on a regular basis. Which of the following activities results in the rehearsal of receptive skills, supportive of emergent language learners? reading a poem Legislation supporting the rights of language learners in the US: Has been closely tied to the Civil Rights Movement in the US, evolving into the present. ESL teachers are often called upon to advocate for ELLs and their families outside of the school setting. In doing so, ESL teachers often have to act as cultural liaisons by doing what? Helping ELL families and established community members communicate and work with each other Because the US began as a melting pot of people from man different nationalities and ethnic groups, bilingual communities and education were a matter of course. It was essential for business people who served members of a particular culture to know that language, and immigrant children who did not speak English were often taught in their language of origin. By WWI, the US began to develop a strong sense of itself as a nation and English emerged as the "national" language. Non-English-speaking children were no longer taught in any language other than English. When did this trend begin to reverse, once again and why? In the 1960s; Cuban immigrants established a successful bilingual program, and the Civil Rights movement put attention on correcting educational and social agendas that were prejudiced in favor of the white middle class. Historically, and currently, factor(s)Po that push people to immigration include: All of the above (Political instability ; Religious, ethnic or racial oppression ; War and human rights abuses ; Lack opportunity for education and/or employment) Pull factors in immigration include all EXCEPT: Existing publicly funded community support systems for immigrants in rural areas. What is the Language Experience Approach also known as? LEA A class is doing a project about a kitchen they have been in. The project can be based on a grandparent's kitchen or that of a friend; an outdoor "kitchen," such as at a campground or on a deck; a play kitchen that they recall from pre-school; or any other type of kitchen. The students can work individually or in a small group of their choosing. some students are drawing and painting, while others are creating 3-dimensional models. One group is creating a play that takes place in a kitchen. One child is writing about her grandmother, who cooks tortillas on a hot hot rock. Another is creating a shoe-box diorama that depicts a fisherman smoking a fish in a temporary smoke-house. The teacher has reviewed vocabulary with the students, but a number of them approach her for help with English words. What has the teacher created this project to do? Encourage students to be curious about and respectful of differences in culture. How can a teacher best simplify a text for ELLs at the beginning and intermediate stages? Shorten the text; abbreviate sentences; substitute simple, concrete language for more complex language; break complex sentences into two of three simpler, more direct sentences; omit detail that enhances the text but doesn't change or clarify meaning. Which of the following presents effective ways a third-grade teacher can help students expand their vocabulary? Teach a unit on prefixes and suffixes. Offer some examples of each. Next, group the students into teams and see which team comes up with the most words that use prefixes and suffixes. Challenge them by asking for a word with both a prefix and a suffix. Which answer best describes the stages of language development? Pre-production stage; early production stage; speech emergence stage; intermediate fluency stage Ms. Perez wants to raise her students' competency in CALP. Her strategies include "thinking aloud" to demonstrate cognitive process, differentiating instruction by teaching explicitly, and All of the above (Asking "what if" questions ; Maintaining high expectations of all students ; Teaching test-taking and study skills and strategies as well as content) Current research suggests that employing a student's L1 in support of hiss or her L2 is likely to: Increase comprehensibility