chem 210 psu Funk exam 1 with correct answers

Bronsted-Lowry acid proton donor (H+) and donates Electron Bronsted-Lowry base proton acceptor (H+), accepts electron HI ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) -10, I^-(iodide), noble gas like configuration, large orbitals(less electron repulsion) somewhat electronegative HCl ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) -7, Chloride(Cl^-), noble gas-like, electronegative H3O^+(Hydronium)- ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) -2, H2O, neutral charge, electronegative acetic acid- ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) 5, acetate, resonance and 2 electronegative atoms H-CN (hydrogencyanide) ( give pKa, Conjugate Base, and reasons) 9, C tripplebond N, 50% s character which stabilized conjugate base and has an induction event CH3CH2SH 10, large orbital CH3CH3OH 16, electronegative Acetate 20, resonance, 1 electronegative atom alkyne 25, lone pair in 50%S (No resonance) Alkene 44, much less acidic, lone pair in 33%s CH4 60ish, lone pair with 25%s strong acid _______________ pKa low weak acid ________________pKa high saturated carbon no double or triple bonds Lewis acid electron pair acceptor- ( it has to have a vacant, low energy orbital or a polar bond so that it can donate a hydrogen) Lewis base electron pair donor LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital Resonance Rules can only move electrons, electrons can only move through P orbitals, want to move electrons towards positive charge or away from negative charges primary carbon a carbon bonded to only one other carbon secondary carbon carbon bonded to two other carbons tertiary carbon carbon bonded to three other carbons quaternary carbon bonded to four other carbons Methane 1 carbon, CH4 Ethane 2 carbons, C2H6 Propane 3 carbons, C3H8 Butane 4 carbons, C4H10 Pentane 5 carbons, C5H12 Hexane 6 carbon C6H14 Heptane 7 carbons, C7H16 Octane 8 carbons, C8H18 Nonane 9 carbons, C9H20 Decane 10 carbons, C10H22 isopropyl pi bond energy 66Kcal eclipse all the atoms are aligned with each other- never gauched staggered more stable interaction, have gauche, the atoms are not aligned H-H eclipsed energy 1.0 kcal/mol H-CH3 eclipsed energy 1.4 Kcal/mol CH3-CH3 eclipsed energy 2.6 Kcal/mol CH3-CH3 gauche 0.9 kcal/mol isobutyl isopental does strain energy ever change? no What is torsional strain? energy gained from eclipsing most stable formations have ___________ energy lowest energy Least stable formations have ____________ energy highest energy what is the most stable formation of a cyclohexane chair Inductive event The shifting of electrons in a sigma bond in response to the electronegativity of nearby atoms Ka is directly proportional to the strength of an acid true or false True- as ka increases acidity increases Ka is directly proportional to pka true or false False pKa and Ka are inversely proportionally the higher the pKa the lower the Ka A strong acid has a ______________ conjugate base Weak