Private Pilot STAGE 2 Questions and Answers Already Graded A

Private Pilot STAGE 2 Questions and Answers Already Graded A How do you know if you're in Moderate Turbulence? You can feel the strain of the seatbelt during bumps What does METAR stand for? Aviation Routine Weather Report What does a METAR contain? Describes meterolological elements observed at an airport at a specific time. How long is a METAR good for? When does it come out? Good for 1 HR, comes out at 50 mins. past the hour What does TAF stand for? Terminal Aerodrome Forcast What does a TAF contain? Weather forecast particular to Aviation (wx, windspeed, vis, ceilings...) How long is a TAF good for? When does it come out? Good for 24 HRS, comes out 4 times daily (00z, 06z, 12z, 18z). What is standard temperature? 15 Degrees C, or 59* Fahrenheit What is standard pressure? 29.92 inches mercury, or 1013.2 Milibars What is standard pressure in PSI? 14.7 PSI What is the temperature lapse rate? -2 Degrees for every 1000FT What is the pressure lapse rate? -1 inches mercury for every 1000FT Describe a high pressure system Moves clockwise, down and out, wants to go low Describe a low pressure system Moves counterclockwise, upward and in What are the Cloud families? High Middle Low Clouds w/Vertical Development Describe High Clouds 20000'AGL and above (usually 300-400 miles ahead of front) Cirrus Cirro-cumulus Cirro-stratus Describe Middle Clouds 6500' - 20000'AGL Alto-stratus Alto-cumulus Describe Low Clouds 0' - 6500'AGL Stratus Strato-cumulus Nimbo-Stratus (rain) Describe Vertical Developing Clouds 0' and above (All ranges) Cumulus Towering Cumulus Cumulonimbus (Thunderstorm) Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Cumulonimbus Air that is calm and rainy is Stable or Unstable? Stable Name the different types of Fog Steam Fog Upslope Fog Precipitation Induced Fog Radiation Fog Advection Fog Describe Steam Fog Cold, dry air moves over relatively warmer water and evaporates. (Can produce low level turbulence) Describe Upslope Fog Warm, moist, stable air with wind pushes upslope and cools to its dewpoint. (Puts clouds on top of a mountain) Describe Precipitation Induced Fog Warm rain/drizzle that falls through a cold layer of air and evaporates saturating the air. (Happens in the south more) Describe Radiation Fog On a calm, cool, clear humid night the ground cools faster than the adjacent air, cooling the air to its dew point. Describe Advection Fog Warm, moist air moving over a cooler surface cooling it to its dewpoint. (Coastal fog generally) What 3 things do you need for a thunderstorm? 1 Unstable air 2 Higher moisture content 3 Lifting action What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm? 1 Cumulus 2 Mature 3 Dissipation Describe the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm There are mostly updrafts, cumulus clouds with possibly 1000ft/minute updrafts. Describe the mature stage Most dangerous Starts when precipitation hits the ground *Stay at least 20nm away from a thunderstorm* What are the hazards of the mature stage of a thunderstorm? Wind Shear Lightning Tornado Microbursts Describe the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm Mostly downdrafts, maybe light rain What is wind shear? A drastic change in wind velocity and/or direction in a vertical or horizontal plane. What is Virga? Rain that evaporates before hitting the ground causing strong downdrafts. Describe a microburst Very strong winds, generally lasts about 5 minutes, can be up to 1 mile wide, very localized column of sinking air causing intense downdrafts. Look for an upside down mushroom cloud. What are the 3 different types of Icing? 1 Clear 2 Mix 3 Rime Describe Clear Icing, when does it happen and why is it a problem? Happens at 0 to -10 Degrees Celsius. Forms slowly across entire airfoil, creates lots of weight (so you have to pull more power) Ice sheds off rotor and hits tail rotor. Describe Rime Icing, when does it happen and what do you do? -15 to -20 Degrees Celsius. Forms fast, traps 02 in the ice causing opaque color. Forms on leading edge disrupting airflow. Depart or land. Describe mix Icing, when does it happen? Mix between Clear and Rime. -10 to -15 Degrees celsius What is a PIREP? What do you need to file one? Who do you contact? Pilot Weather Report. 1 Time (zulu) 2 Location 3 Altitude 4 Aircraft Type 5 Type: UA (Upper Air) or UUA (Urgent upper air) 6 Weather Contact Flight Watch 122.0 What does an Area Forecast include? 1 Synopsis (Good for 18 hours. Contains big picture, pressure systems. 2 Forecast (Good for 12 hours. Contains weather, clouds, rain, wind) 3 Outlook (Good for 6 hours. VFR, IFR, MFR) *All come out every 8 hours.* On the Winds/Temps aloft what do you assume above 24,000FT? Negative Temperatures. In Winds/Temps aloft, what do you do if the heading is impossible? Subtract 50 and add a zero for heading. For example, 75-50=25 add the zero, get 250) What is a NOTAM? What are the different types of NOTAMS? Notices to Airmen. 1 D = Distant 2 FDC (Flight Data Center) What is included in a distant notam? Things like runway closeures, lights out, birds *Anything you can touch* What is included in a FDC notam? They are more regulatory by nature. Like, changes to charts, IAP (instrument approach procedures), TFR. You can get your certification taken away if you fly through knowing or not knowing it. What is an Airmet? How long is it good for? How often does it come out? Airmen's meteorological Info. (Shows potential hazards for light/limited aircraft) >Comes out every 6 Hours >Good for 6 Hours What types of Airmets are there? SIERRA= Mountain Obscuration/IFR TANGO= Moderate Turbulence >30kts sustained winds at surface >Low level wind shear ZULU= freezing level or icing What is a Sigmet? How often is one issued? How long is it good for? Significant meteorological Info (NOT CONVECTIVE) >Issued as needed >Good for 4 hours. (unless there's a hurricane= 6 hours) >Dust/sand storms lowering visibility to 3sm or less >Volcanic ash (particles so fine get into engine and seize it) >Severe turbulence >Severe icing What is a Convective Sigmet? How often is it issued? How long is it good for? Comes out 55 past the Hour Good for 2 hours Winds 50kts or greater Hail 3/4'' or greater Embedded thunderstorms (hiding behind cumulus clouds) Areas of precip. 3000 sq miles 40% is getting precip Tornados Name 3 different types of Briefings 1 STANDARD (Fly within 6 hours, gives you wx, notams, tfr's in depth) 2 ABBREVIATED: ' ' ' ' but shorter info/faster 3 OUTLOOK: Flying 6+ hours later Who do you call to open your flight plan? Flight Service Station (can call on the radio) Can get a WHOLE bunch of stuff >Weather info >ATC clearances >Assist lost aircraft >Can get a DF Steer if lost 122.2 F Who can you call for weather? Flight watch 122.0 >Weather info >Pireps What is HIWAS? Hazerdous in flight weather advisory (Similar to ASOS) -Includes airmets, sigmets, convective sigmets What is ATIS? Automatic Terminal Information Service (Always listen to at any towered airport) Clearance Delivery >Clearance >Route >Altitude >Frequency >Transponder code What is a WAC, how long is it good for? What size is it? World Aeronautical chart. Size BIG. 1:1 million Good for 12 months Sectional size and how long is it good for? 1:500,000 Good for 6 months What is a TAC, how big is it, how long is it good for? Terminal Area Chart 1:250,000 Good for 6 months How big is a Heli Chart, how long is it good for? 1:125,000 Get it when needed When do you need a Mode C Transponder? In and above Charlie In and above Bravo Within Mode C Veil 10,000 msl unless within 2500' AGL (because larger aircraft don't fly this low with mountains) Class G Airspace visibility requirements changed to... From Speeds to see and avoid to Day 1/2sm Night 1sm What steps do you take when you are lost? Climb Communicate Confess Comply Conserve What is DF STEER Direction Finding Steer Guides you through the radio when you are lost (They have you key your mic./see how long it takes for signal to reach points/guide you from your location) What do you do when you think you've lost radio communications? 1 Troubleshoot (Check Volume/frequencies) 2 Squawk 7600 (Not 7500=-hijacked) 3 Continue to make blind calls 4 Observe the flow, look for light gun signals How long does it take for visual Purple to kick in? 30 minutes What is the required equipment for night flying? Navigation Anti-collision Instrument (all) Landing Source of Power (spare fuses) What is Myopia? A condition where close objects appear clearly, but far ones dont. (if you start to stare your vision beyond 6 ft or so can be lost) What is Autokineses? Where a stationary light in a dark area appears to move from your eyes perception What are false horizons? Where visual reference illusions cause the pilot to align with a false horizon instead of the actual horizon. *Use your instruments* What is MEF? Maximum Elevation Figure (on the sectional). Indicates height of the highest feature in the quadrant