NSG200 Exam 2 With Complete Questions and
Answers
apnea - ANSWER absence of breathing
bradypnea - ANSWER less than 10 breaths/min
cyanosis - ANSWER a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
dyspnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing (sob)
hyperventilation - ANSWER increased rate and depth of breathing
hypoventilation - ANSWER decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
hypoxia - ANSWER lack of oxygen
what is an early sign of hypoxia? - ANSWER chest wall in-drawing
what is alate sign of hypoxia? - ANSWER cyanosis
orthopnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing when lying down
retractions - ANSWER inward movement of the chest wall with inspiration; usually a sign of
respiratory distress
tachypnea - ANSWER rapid breathing; respirations are more than 20 per minute
oxygenation - ANSWER mechanism which allows the body to provide oxygen to the cells
respiration - ANSWER ability to inhale & exhale air, allowing transport of oxygen to the
lungs reaching the alveoli for transport through the body
what are some risk factors for respiratory diseases? - ANSWER -smoking & exposure to
second hand smoke
-personal or family hx of lung disease
-allergens and environmental pollutants
-recreational and occupational exposure
what are some modifiable risk factors for respiratory diseases? - ANSWER -obesity
-smoking
,-psychological factors (stress & anxiety)
-medical conditions that affect the hearts ability to circulate blood (hypertension,
atherosclerosis, dm2)
when introducing yourself to a patient with respiratory issues, what are some things to keep
in mind during the interview assessment? - ANSWER -posturing
-raspy voice
-cough and through clearing
-dyspnea
what is some subjective data to client hx with gas exchange? - ANSWER -current respiratory
issue (changes in breathing, activities that exacberate the issue, # of pillows pt sleeps with at
night, etc.)
-hx of past respiratory illnesses (asthma, tb, ax, pneumonia, etc.)
-lifestyle questions (smoking, exercise, occupation)
-risk factor questions (family hx, weight and stress anxiety)
-cough assessment (presence, frequency, sputum)
-chest pain questions (sob, location of pain, activities that make it better/worse, etc.)
what are some objective data with the gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER -trachea, JVD
-skin color (cyanosis, pallor)
-nails (clubbing, capillary refill, color)
-breathing (rate, quality, depth, effort, posturing)
-width of costal angle (90 degrees)
-a/p diameter
-symmetry (retractions, bulging)
how do you assess a/p diameter? - ANSWER measurer the side of the patient and make sure
the diameter of the chest is double
what is clubbing? - ANSWER an increase in the angle between the base of the nail and the
fingernail to 180 degrees or more; due to oxygenation issues
, if a patient has more than 90 degree width of the costal angle what can this mean? - ANSWER
possible lung disease such as COPD, etc.
what is barrel chest? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; chest is protruding
what is pectus carinatum? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; ribs seem to
sink...obvious slope
What is pectus excavatum? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; sinking in of
the middle of the chest
what is an early indicator of hypoxemia in children? - ANSWER retractions
what are retractions? - ANSWER Skin pulling between and around the ribs during inhalation;
can also happen around the neck
what should you palpate during the gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER -skin and
subcutaneous areas (any tenderness, pain, abnormalities, temp differences, moveable areas)
-thoracic expansion
-fremitus
how do you test for thoracic expansion? - ANSWER put your thumbs together and have the
patient take a deep breath; your thumbs should go apart and come back together
how do you check fremitus? - ANSWER feel for vibration when the pt speaks using the ulnar
side of your hands ("1,2,3")
if you do not feel any vibration with fremitus, what does this mean? - ANSWER possible
pneumothorax
if you feel more than usual vibration with remits, what does this mean? - ANSWER possible
pneumonia; consolidation of lung tissue
what should you percuss in a gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER determine if lung tissue
filled with air, fluid, or solid matter
check in between the rib spaces to hear for resonance
how should you percuss the lungs? - ANSWER
Answers
apnea - ANSWER absence of breathing
bradypnea - ANSWER less than 10 breaths/min
cyanosis - ANSWER a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
dyspnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing (sob)
hyperventilation - ANSWER increased rate and depth of breathing
hypoventilation - ANSWER decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
hypoxia - ANSWER lack of oxygen
what is an early sign of hypoxia? - ANSWER chest wall in-drawing
what is alate sign of hypoxia? - ANSWER cyanosis
orthopnea - ANSWER difficulty breathing when lying down
retractions - ANSWER inward movement of the chest wall with inspiration; usually a sign of
respiratory distress
tachypnea - ANSWER rapid breathing; respirations are more than 20 per minute
oxygenation - ANSWER mechanism which allows the body to provide oxygen to the cells
respiration - ANSWER ability to inhale & exhale air, allowing transport of oxygen to the
lungs reaching the alveoli for transport through the body
what are some risk factors for respiratory diseases? - ANSWER -smoking & exposure to
second hand smoke
-personal or family hx of lung disease
-allergens and environmental pollutants
-recreational and occupational exposure
what are some modifiable risk factors for respiratory diseases? - ANSWER -obesity
-smoking
,-psychological factors (stress & anxiety)
-medical conditions that affect the hearts ability to circulate blood (hypertension,
atherosclerosis, dm2)
when introducing yourself to a patient with respiratory issues, what are some things to keep
in mind during the interview assessment? - ANSWER -posturing
-raspy voice
-cough and through clearing
-dyspnea
what is some subjective data to client hx with gas exchange? - ANSWER -current respiratory
issue (changes in breathing, activities that exacberate the issue, # of pillows pt sleeps with at
night, etc.)
-hx of past respiratory illnesses (asthma, tb, ax, pneumonia, etc.)
-lifestyle questions (smoking, exercise, occupation)
-risk factor questions (family hx, weight and stress anxiety)
-cough assessment (presence, frequency, sputum)
-chest pain questions (sob, location of pain, activities that make it better/worse, etc.)
what are some objective data with the gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER -trachea, JVD
-skin color (cyanosis, pallor)
-nails (clubbing, capillary refill, color)
-breathing (rate, quality, depth, effort, posturing)
-width of costal angle (90 degrees)
-a/p diameter
-symmetry (retractions, bulging)
how do you assess a/p diameter? - ANSWER measurer the side of the patient and make sure
the diameter of the chest is double
what is clubbing? - ANSWER an increase in the angle between the base of the nail and the
fingernail to 180 degrees or more; due to oxygenation issues
, if a patient has more than 90 degree width of the costal angle what can this mean? - ANSWER
possible lung disease such as COPD, etc.
what is barrel chest? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; chest is protruding
what is pectus carinatum? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; ribs seem to
sink...obvious slope
What is pectus excavatum? - ANSWER abnormal finding of the a/p diameter; sinking in of
the middle of the chest
what is an early indicator of hypoxemia in children? - ANSWER retractions
what are retractions? - ANSWER Skin pulling between and around the ribs during inhalation;
can also happen around the neck
what should you palpate during the gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER -skin and
subcutaneous areas (any tenderness, pain, abnormalities, temp differences, moveable areas)
-thoracic expansion
-fremitus
how do you test for thoracic expansion? - ANSWER put your thumbs together and have the
patient take a deep breath; your thumbs should go apart and come back together
how do you check fremitus? - ANSWER feel for vibration when the pt speaks using the ulnar
side of your hands ("1,2,3")
if you do not feel any vibration with fremitus, what does this mean? - ANSWER possible
pneumothorax
if you feel more than usual vibration with remits, what does this mean? - ANSWER possible
pneumonia; consolidation of lung tissue
what should you percuss in a gas exchange assessment? - ANSWER determine if lung tissue
filled with air, fluid, or solid matter
check in between the rib spaces to hear for resonance
how should you percuss the lungs? - ANSWER
