Advanced Pathophysiology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2023

Advanced Pathophysiology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2023 Risk - ANS Factor that when present increases the chance of disease Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor Prevalence - ANS A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population Indicates how widespread the disease is Incidence - ANS A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease. Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease. Ratio - ANS The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. Primary Prevention - ANS Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons *Both illness and disease are absent example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles Secondary Prevention - ANS Early detection, screening, and management of disease *Illness absent, disease present example: screenings and testings Tertiary Prevention - ANS Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning *Both illness and disease present example: education Epidemiology - ANS study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people Endemic - ANS A disease theat is native to a local region Epidemic - ANS When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time (spread to many people at the same time) Pandemic - ANS Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. (spread to large geographic areas) *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* - ANS Homeostasis - ANS A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set-point" Exhausation - ANS Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents Allostatic Overload - ANS "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear" on the body Adaptation - ANS Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably