PPR Review Questions and Answers Already Passed (Latest 2023/2024)

Transitions There are 2 types of transitions that a teacher must plan for: (a) moving children from one type of activity to another (b)changing from one subject to another. Schema knowledge structure or mental organization of a concept. (PIAGET) Private Speech "self talk" or oral directions where VYGOTSKY says people both self-guide and monitor their thinking and problem solving by talking out loud to themselves. Developmentally Appropriate teachers should design instruction that matches the students cognitive,physical,social and emotional stages. Scaffolding children can often do many tasks with assistance from adults or knowledgeable peers. *** AS CHILDREN BECOME COMPETENT, SUPPORT IS GRADUALLY REDUCED*** Readiness a teacher must consider the students current ability to complete a task. Psychomotor Domain children learn physical skills in a particular order. 1. Perception: pays attention to 2. Set: learners become prepared mentally 3. Guided Response: learner tries with coaching 4. Mechanism: learner practices to improve 5. Complex or overt responses: learner becomes proficient 6. Adaptation: learner transfers current skill to the new one. 7. Origination: learner can create original skills based upon a new one. Formal operational stage children ages 11-adult obtain the ability to think abstractly. (PIAGET) Pr-conventional moral reasoning children decide if something is wrong by the consequences (reward or punishment) that are received following a behavior. ( KOHLBERG) Conventional Moral Reasoning children decide on a particular action to gain approval. (KOHLBERG) Pre-Moral Stage very young children are unaware of right,wrong and rules. (PIAGET) Moral absolute stage Piaget believed that young children entering school have no flexibility with rules despite any extenuating circumstances; thus teachers must establish broad general rules. Maturation internally determined changes in a person. Development according to educational theorist,humans change cognitively,physically,socially and emotionally over the course of their lives in systematic ways. Egocentrism young children do not have the ability to see their perspective of others. Cognitive Development changes in mental operations of thinking and reasoning. children go through 4 stages of change in mental processes. (a) sensory motor (b) pre-operational (c) concrete operational (d) formal operational Concrete operational stage at about ages 7-11,children can perform advanced thinking, but it must be based on concrete experiences. (PIAGET) Many students do not leave this stage right at 11; therefore many high school students may still have trouble thinking abstractly and secondary teachers should continue to offer many concrete experiences. students develop the abilities to conserve, consider more than one aspect of a problem, classify, use seriation when they have concrete experiences , and manipulative. Pre-operational Stage 2-7 year olds develop symbolic thought and intuitive thinking. (PIAGET)