UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

UT TYLER FNP NURS 5350 ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 (VERIFIED ANSWERS) Seven specialized cellular functions: - ANS movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction Nucleus - ANS aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think the egg yolk) Ribosomes - ANS RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites for cellular protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and secretion Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANS specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory) Golgi complex - ANS Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop- what goes in and out of cytoplasm) Lysosomes - ANS An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents; autodigestion occurs in starvation Mitochondria - ANS Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate in the cell Cytoskeleton - ANS A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to move it on out Characteristics of plasma membrane - ANS made up of lipids and proteins; the basic component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of the membrane The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane - ANS Phospholipid layer Prokaryote - ANS unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles (include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia) Eukaryote - ANS organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger w/ intracellular anatomy cellular receptors - ANS protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called ligands 3 types of cellular receptors - ANS plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked receptors, non-channel-linked receptors passive transport - ANS The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration gradient) Diffusion - ANS Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. concentration gradient - ANS A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance. hydrostatic pressure - ANS the mechanical force of water PUSHING against cellular membranes