Brewer Quiz and Exam Review 2023 with Complete Solutions

The phrase "developmentally appropriate practice" means: A) matching activities to age-related norms B) ensuring that children master school readiness skills C) adapting activities to the individual abilities of the child D) emphasizing the children's exploration of the environment - ANSWER-C) adapting activities to the individual abilities of the child Early childhood is defined by the National Association for the Education for Young Children (NAEYC) as: A) The preschool period B) The period from birth to age 6 C) The period from birth to age 8 D) The period from birth to age 10 - ANSWER-C) The period from birth to age 8 Two dads are arguing about how to help their 3 year old children understand that hitting people is wrong. Jorge says, "You have to give children immediate consequences for hitting. When you punish them right away, children will learn that hitting is wrong." Brad says, "You can't teach children this age how someone else feels. You have to wait until kids get old enough to understand that other people feel the same way." 3) Jorge's explanation best matches which perspective on children's cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach. - ANSWER-A) Behaviorist Two dads are arguing about how to help their 3 year old children understand that hitting people is wrong. Jorge says, "You have to give children immediate consequences for hitting. When you punish them right away, children will learn that hitting is wrong." Brad says, "You can't teach children this age how someone else feels. You have to wait until kids get old enough to understand that other people feel the same way." Brad's explanation best matches which perspective on children's cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach - ANSWER-C) Maturationist For several years, John has had a security blanket which he carries everywhere. When John starts preschool, the other kids make fun of his blanket. After a few weeks, John stops carrying the blanket so the other kids won't make fun of him anymore. This is an example of: A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) the zone of proximal development D) centration - ANSWER-A) operant conditioning The Smiths are very worried because their daughter, Rachel, has been hitting other children in her playgroup. The Smiths go to see a psychotherapist with a Behaviorist perspective. Based on this approach to development, which explanation is the therapist likely to give for Rachel's behavior? A) Rachel is expressing unconscious aggression B) Rachel is getting something she wants by hitting other children C) Rachel needs to have someone explain why hitting is wrong, and what she could do instead of hitting D) Rachel does not yet have the cognitive maturity to learn why hitting is wrong - ANSWER-B) Rachel is getting something she wants by hitting other children Yee Min loves her aunt's old dog. Whenever she visits the aunt's house, Yee Min sits with the dog, cuddling it, feeding it, and brushing its hair. One day her neighbor gets a dog, and Yee Min rushes up to cuddle it. The dog snaps at her, and Yee Min responds by avoiding that dog from then on. This is an example of A) disequilibrium B) assimilation C) accommodation D) metaknowledge - ANSWER-C) accommodation Although both are Constructivist, Piagetian theory _______________ while Vygotskian theory ______________. A) emphasizes individual differences; emphasizes universal trends B) emphasizes qualitative stages; emphasizes gradual changes C) describes development in continuous stages; describes development as discontinuous D) emphasizes the role of adults, emphasizes individual experimentation - ANSWER-B) emphasizes qualitative stages; emphasizes gradual changes Unlike Piaget, Gardner's theory A) Highlights individual domains of cognition B) Sees children as actively engaged in the learning process C) Assumes that children's experiences promote their development D) Focuses on children's' ability to reflect on their own understanding of a situation - ANSWER-A) Highlights individual domains of cognition Two teachers are discussing outdoor time. Janice says, "Kids learn best when they are free to explore. We should give them time in the sandbox to do their own thing, because we can't know what concepts they are working on as well as they do." Monica says, "But they'll learn more and do more exciting things if we talk to them about what they are doing. We should help them plan and problem solve." 10) Janice's philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism - ANSWER-B) Piaget Two teachers are discussing outdoor time. Janice says, "Kids learn best when they are free to explore. We should give them time in the sandbox to do their own thing, because we can't know what concepts they are working on as well as they do." Monica says, "But they'll learn more and do more exciting things if we talk to them about what they are doing. We should help them plan and problem solve." Monica's philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism - ANSWER-A) Vygotsky An individual's ability to understand his or her own goals, motivations and needs is part of their ________ intelligence. A) Interpersonal B) Intrapersonal C) Existentialist D) Logical-mathematical - ANSWER-B) Intrapersonal Jorge has noticed that one of the boys in his 4-year-old class is unable to focus on his own activities and keeps interrupting his peers, disrupting story time and other group activities, and upsetting other students. Jorge wants to use operant conditioning to shape the boy's behavior. To do this, he needs ALL BUT WHICH ONE of the following pieces of information? A) How often the boy is disrupting the class now