RD Exam Practice Test 1 (CDR) questions and answers

Which of the following techniques offers the least constructive information to someone being disciplined? Providing advice Focusing on behavior Providing alternatives Focusing on observations The correct answer is A. The purpose of disciplining is for a manager to provide constructive information to help the subordinate become aware of how his or her actions affect the organization's system. The goal is to provide maximum information with minimum threat. Providing advice is not constructive. Feedback should focus on ideas and information, not advice. Which of the following is NOT a component of meta-analysis? Inclusion criteria are clearly defined Peer-reviewed data are preferred Studies must have a similar design Data are presented in a narrative manner The correct answer is D. Meta-analysis uses studies with similar design, defines inclusion criteria, and usually uses peer-reviewed articles. There is no criterion or requirement that data have to be presented in a narrative manner. What elements comprise the marketing mix? Product, price, promotion, and place Price, product, popularity, and process Product, promotion, position, and popularity Product, place, position, and process The correct answer is A. Marketing mix is a combination of product, price, place and promotion to achieve an organization's objectives and to satisfy the target market. A product can be a good, a service, or an idea. Price is the amount of money charged for a product. Promotion is used to facilitate exchanges by informing prospective customers about a business and its products. Place refers to the location, the place where the product is offered. The terms "popularity," "process," and "position" have no relevance in marketing mix. Which agency approves the use of food additives in breakfast cereal? US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The correct answer is C. The FDA regulates use of food additives—including coloring agents considered safe for human consumption and additives that are considered safe for human consumption or generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the scientific community. Any food that contains a food additive that is not deemed safe is considered an adulterated food by FDA standards. Which of the following characteristics is key to an efficient and effective system? Continuous response and adaptation to the system Flow of resources Interdependency of parts Achievement of subunit objectives The correct answer is C. A system is a collection of interrelated parts or subsystems unified by design to obtain one or more objectives. Interdependency is the reciprocal relationship of the parts of a system; each part mutually affects the performance of the others. Interdependency emphasizes the importance of viewing the organization as a whole rather than as isolated parts. The other responses (ie, continuous response and adaptation to a system, flow of resources through a system, and achievement of subunit objectives) all are isolated parts of a system. One advantage of using a crossover design over a parallel design is a shorter study duration. a smaller sample size. a reduction in variability. a washout period is not needed. The correct answer is C. Crossover design includes a washout period and does not have to be a shorter study duration, and sample size does not have to be small. The design uses the same subjects who serve as the control, hence a reduction in variability. Customer and employee satisfaction are both functions of management. linking processes. environmental factors. outputs of the foodservice system. The correct answer is D. The outputs are the goods and services that result from transforming the inputs of the system and express how objectives are achieved. Customer and employee satisfaction and financial accountability are desired outcomes in a foodservice system. Which of the following must be true for a food to be labeled "low fat"? Contains less than 0.5 g fat per serving Contains less than 3 g fat per serving Contains 25% less fat than the full-fat food Contains 1/3 fewer calories or 50% less fat than the full-fat food The correct answer is B. Following food labeling laws, to be identified as low in fat, a serving of food must contain less than 3 g fat. Diagnosis is the second step in the Academy's Nutrition Care Process and Model. Part of the Diagnosis step is to document PES. PES stands for _____. Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms Plan, Education, Significant Results Proposal, Efficacy, Strategies Policy, Establish, Skills The correct answer is A. PES stands for Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms. Documentation of PES incorporates information gained during the Nutrition Assessment step of the Nutrition Care Process to identify the problem and the evidence presented by what the patient is experiencing Dietetic students finishing supervised practice should be able to utilize food and nutrition management systems, client educational materials, and prescribe TPN formulas. create organizational mission statements. generate appropriate statistical analyses. work with electronic health records. The correct answer is D. Entry-level practitioners need to have a general awareness of entry-level informatics skills, which include electronic health records, food and nutrition management systems, and educational print materials. Daily Values are nutrient standards derived from the Daily Reference Values and the Reference Daily Intakes. Recommended Dietary Intakes. Reference Dietary Allowances. Recommended Daily Allowances. The correct answer is A. Daily Values are nutrient standards derived from the Daily Reference Values (DRV) and Reference Daily Intakes (RDI). DRVs are provided for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, and protein. RDIs are provided for vitamins; minerals; and protein for children younger than 4 years of age and for pregnant and lactating women. In order to limit consumer confusion, however, the label includes a single term (ie, Daily Value [DV]), to designate both the DRVs and RDIs. Which word best describes doing things correctly or getting the most output from the least amount of input? Efficient Effective Economical Expedient The correct answer is A. Efficiency is "doing things right." Effectiveness is "doing the right things." Economical describes prudent use of resources. Expedient describes doing something quickly. If a person with type 1 diabetes experiences dramatically low blood glucose and becomes unconscious, the most appropriate action would be to give three hard candies and administer insulin. give 4 oz fruit juice and administer insulin. give 4 oz fruit juice and administer glucagon. administer glucagon and call 9-1-1.. The correct answer is D. Since the patient is unconscious/unresponsive, glucagon should be administered as the first-line treatment. A glucagon injection will mobilize glucose from the liver to raise the blood sugar level. This treatment minimizes risk of choking for patients who are not conscious. Contact emergency services immediately after administering the glucagon injection. Which agency determines the safety of new pesticides and sets a tolerance level for all pesticides and their residue in food? Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The correct answer is D. The EPA is responsible for determining the safety of any pesticide before it can be used on a commodity food. Once approved for use, the EPA is responsible for setting tolerable residue limits for pesticides on food. Once these tolerance levels are set by the EPA, enforcement is overseen by the FDA. When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid? Phenylalanine Valine Tyrosine Tryptophan The correct answer is D. Tryptophan is an amino acid that is converted to niacin in the liver. An estimated 1 mg niacin is made from the ingestion of 60 mg tryptophan. What is the intended purpose of Healthy People 2020? To guide the efforts of health professionals who provide care for individuals with chronic diseases. To guide the allocation of federal money intended to promote wellness. To establish a set of national goals and objectives designed to guide health promotion and disease prevention efforts. To establish nationally approved guidelines for improving food selection behaviors among the population. The correct answer is C. Healthy People 2020 is a set of national goals and objectives designed to guide health promotion and disease prevention efforts to improve the nation's health over a 10-year period. Which of the following disease states may require a fluid restriction? Liver disease with ascites Chronic renal failure Congestive heart failure All of the above. The correct answer is D. All of the disorders listed feature abnormal levels of Na and K so fluids must be restricted to help reduce edema and other forms of fluid retention. Which of the following flooring materials would be best suited for high-traffic cooking areas? Ceramic tiles Quarry tiles Concrete Rubber The correct answer is B. Quarry tile is wear resistant and nonporous. Ceramic tile is best used on walls. Concrete is hard, tires employees by causing muscle fatigue, and may cause accidents if individuals slip or fall when the floor is wet. Rubber floors are more difficult to clean. The variable that is manipulated in an experimental research study is the dependent variable. independent variable. population variable. individual variable. The correct answer is B. The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated in experimental research to determine outcome. Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask a(n) _____________ deficiency. niacin vitamin B6 iron vitamin B12 The correct answer is D. Folate supplements will help the body recover from anemia that occurs from a deficiency of folate and vitamin B12. However, without adequate vitamin B12, neurological problems progress and become irreversible. When preparing a PES statement in situations where there are diagnoses from multiple domains, the dietetics professional should give preference to the diagnosis related to: intake. physical conditions. knowledge. food safety. The correct answer is A. Intake is the only area of concern at this point in the process so it is the priority. The implementation of more liberal food choices in the menu planning process for long-term-care (LTC) settings has been associated with which of the following? Increased risk for obesity among LTC residents Increased nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents Reduced nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents Reduced customer satisfaction The correct answer is B. Liberalizing food choices in long-term care encourages older adults to increase food consumption and meal satisfaction. It does not increase obesity risk. Consider the following statement from a patient during a nutrition consult: "I really want to improve my lunch choices by packing my own lunch, but I'm afraid I'll miss the social time with my coworkers." In the setting of motivational interviewing, this is an example of: change talk. sustain talk. developing discrepancy. resistance. The correct answer is B. The client's statement is not change talk because it argues for the status quo. Developing discrepancy is a technique employed by the clinician. Motivational interviewing rejects the concept of resistance and understands ambivalence is a natural component of the change process. The client's statement is an example of sustain talk. Participants are randomly assigned to follow one of three specific diets plans for 7 weeks to assess the impact of varying amounts of high-fructose corn syrup consumption on serum triglyceride levels. What kind of study is this? Experimental Case-Control Qualitative Descriptive The correct answer is A. In experimental study design, participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups. This does not occur in case control or qualitative studies. "Descriptive" is not a type of study.