C++ concepts

C++ concepts language - CORRECT ANSWER-tool for expressing and recording human thoughts, to understand and to be understood. programming language - CORRECT ANSWER-defined by a set of certain rigid rules, much more inflexible than any natural language. lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER-determine which symbols (letters, digits, punctuation marks, and so on) could be used in the language. Any program written by us must be correct in these three ways: lexically, syntactically and semantically. Otherwise, it will neither run nor produce acceptable results. syntax - CORRECT ANSWER-the appropriate ways of collating the symbols semantics - CORRECT ANSWER-the meaning of every statement expressed in the given language instruction list (IL) - CORRECT ANSWER-The IL is in fact an alphabet of a language, which is commonly known as a machine language. This is the simplest and the most primary language we can use to give commands to our computer. We can say, it's a computer's mother tongue. high-level programming languages - CORRECT ANSWER-ridge between the people's language (natural language) and a computer language (machine language). That bridge is also a language - an intermediate common language for both humans and computers working together. There is no need to learn many different machine languages - it's enough to know one high-level programming language. If there is a translator designed for a specific computer, your program could be run without any problems. portability - CORRECT ANSWER-If there is a translator designed for a specific computer, your program could be run without any problems. In other words, the programs written in high-level languages could be translated into any number of different machine languages and thus make them able to be used on many different computers. compilation - CORRECT ANSWER-The process of the translation from a high-level language into a machine language. Made by a specialized computer program called compiler. linking - CORRECT ANSWER-The compiling splits into two phases - a compilation of your source in order to translate it into machine language and joining (or gluing) your executable code with the executable code derived from other developers into a single and unified product. The program which conducts the process is named linker. algorithm - CORRECT ANSWER-Structured and semi-formal description of each step of the program # - CORRECT ANSWER-Its presence in that place means that the content of this line is the so-called preprocessor directive. The prefix "pre" suggests that these operations are performed before the full processing (compilation) takes place. preprocessor directive - CORRECT ANSWER-What changes the preprocessor will introduce is fully controlled by its directives. #include - CORRECT ANSWER-When the preprocessor meets that directive, it replaces the directive with the content of the file whose name is listed in the directive header files - CORRECT ANSWER-These files contain a collection of such preliminary information about ready-made blocks which can be used by a program. namespace - CORRECT ANSWER-A namespace is an abstract container or environment created to hold a logical grouping of unique entities (blocks). An entity defined in a namespace is associated only with that namespace. If you want to use many of the standard C++ entities (we are going to tell you about them later) you must insert the using namespace instruction at the top of each file, outside of any function. std namespace - CORRECT ANSWER-ll elements of the standard C++ library are declared inside the namespace called std. ex. using namespace std; function - CORRECT ANSWER-Imagine a function as a black box, where you can insert something into it (it is not always necessary) and take something new out of it like out of a magic hat. Things used to be put in the box are called function arguments (or function parameters). Things used to be taken out of the box are called function results.