AUA Foundations Questions: Goal 3 Questions With Complete Solutions

Goal 3: Understand the Basic Molecular Reaction: Water to Molecules This is a dipolar molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms •This forms hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules and acts as a solvent. •This is where polar solutes dissolve correct answer: Water Why do organic Molecules and Inorganic Salts in Water readily dissolve in water? correct answer: •water forms hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with these molecules. This is the total number of osmoles of the solute (concentration of all dissolved molecules, including ions, organic metabolites, and proteins) in one kilogram of the solution. It is expressed as milliosmoles (mOsm)/kg of water. correct answer: Osmolality This is the is the total number of osmoles of the solute present in one liter of the solution. Therefore, expressed as mOsm/ L. correct answer: Osmolarity This is the force it would take to keep the same amount of water on both sides of the membrane. It is exerted by the dissolved solutes in the solution. correct answer: Osmotic pressure These are the three types of Strong bonds correct answer: •Ionic bonds •Covalent bonds •Co-Ordinate Covalent bonds These are the two type of Weak Interactions correct answer: •H -bonds •Hydrophobic interactions This is an example of the transfer of electrons and is usually observed when a metal bonds to a nonmetal. In proteins these are called salt bridges correct answer: IONIC BONDING This involves the sharing of electrons and is usually observed when a nonmetal bonds to a nonmetal. This includes: peptide bonds in proteins. They are strong. Bond energy is relatively high, considerable energy must be expended to break these bonds. Specific enzymes are needed to break these bonds, such as peptidases, glycosidases, and esterases. correct answer: COVALENT BONDING These are a type of bonding where 2-center, 2-electron of these bonds, in which the two electrons derive from the same atom.