NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Questions And Verified Answers
Asthma CORRECT ANSWERS Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma CORRECT ANSWERS coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) CORRECT ANSWERS -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation -hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle -airflow obstruction -decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles CORRECT ANSWERS smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles CORRECT ANSWERS innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer
lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS white blood cells are present
to help protect the airways How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma CORRECT ANSWERS the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain CORRECT ANSWERS columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain CORRECT ANSWERS smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do CORRECT ANSWERS control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation CORRECT ANSWERS When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? CORRECT ANSWERS the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar CORRECT ANSWERS -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) - respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma CORRECT ANSWERS tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? CORRECT ANSWERS These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system - increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma CORRECT ANSWERS the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow - blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion CORRECT ANSWERS The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion CORRECT ANSWERS cyanosis right to left shunting chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting CORRECT ANSWERS when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS -long term exposure to environmental
irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS -Exposure to airborne irritants - Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
Questions And Verified Answers
Asthma CORRECT ANSWERS Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma CORRECT ANSWERS coughing wheezing shortness of breath rapid breathing chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) CORRECT ANSWERS -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation -hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle -airflow obstruction -decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles CORRECT ANSWERS smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles CORRECT ANSWERS innermost layer middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer
lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria CORRECT ANSWERS white blood cells are present
to help protect the airways How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma CORRECT ANSWERS the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain CORRECT ANSWERS columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain CORRECT ANSWERS smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do CORRECT ANSWERS control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation CORRECT ANSWERS When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? CORRECT ANSWERS the ongoing inflammatory
process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar CORRECT ANSWERS -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2) - respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma CORRECT ANSWERS tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? CORRECT ANSWERS These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system - increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma CORRECT ANSWERS the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow - blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
Perfusion CORRECT ANSWERS The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion CORRECT ANSWERS cyanosis right to left shunting chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS there is hypoxia due to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting CORRECT ANSWERS when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS -long term exposure to environmental
irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis CORRECT ANSWERS -Exposure to airborne irritants - Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
