NBCE PT Boards Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Depth of UV - Answer superficial 1-2 mm (skin) Depth of Infrared - Answer superficial 8-10 mm (vascular) Depth of Microwave Diathermy - Answer deep Depth of Shortwave Diathermy - Answer deep Depth of Ultrasound - Answer deepest! 4-8 cm Best Modality for Herpes Zoster - Answer UV and ultrasound Best modality for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer Infrared If open growth centers, do NOT use what modalities? (3) - Answer Shortwave Diathermy Microwave Diathermy Ultrasound Goggles are required for what modalities? (3) - Answer UV Microwave Diathermy (wire-mesh) Laser Which electrical modalities are direct current? (3) - Answer Low-Volt Galvanic High Volt Microcurrent What current is unidirectional and monophasic? - Answer Direct Current What electrical modalities are alternating current? (3) - Answer Sine wave Faradic Interferential What current is bidirectional and biphasic? - Answer Alternating Current What electrical modality is both alternating and direct current? - Answer TENS To avoid transcerebral and transthoracic, how do you place the pads? - Answer Co-planar (TMJ) Which electrical modality do you use iontophoresis? - Answer LVG What solution do you use to break adhesions when doing iontophoresis? - Answer Potassium Iodine (KI) (- pole) What solution do you use for bursitis when doing iontophoresis? - Answer Sodium Salicylate (- pole) What solution do you use for edema when doing iontophoresis? - Answer MgSO4 (+ pole) What solution do you use for fungus when doing iontophoresis? - Answer CuSO4 (+ pole) What does electrodiagnosis with LVG look for? - Answer Reaction of Degeneration (RD) AKA LMNL What are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion? (4) - Answer Flaccid Decreased DTR Atrophy Facilitation Which electrical modalities have settings that can give both endorphins and enkephalins? (3) - Answer High Volt Interferential Tens Which heat modality is the best for increasing circulation? - Answer Infrared Which electrical modalities can be used for pain control? (3) - Answer High Volt Interferential TENS Which modality is both an antibacterial and antifungal? - Answer UV If your patient has Scheuermann's Disease, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? - Answer FLEXION or Williams If you patient has facet syndrome, what type of exercises should NOT be performed? - Answer EXTENSION or McKenzie What device should you use for active recovery for an ankle? - Answer Wobble Board What is inhibited in lower cross syndrome? - Answer Glutes T/F: You should strengthen the low back in acute low back patients. - Answer False If your patient is having toe out problems, what muscle is affected? - Answer Piriformis If you increase aerobic exercise, what happens to mitochondria activity? - Answer It increases as well What is the action of the subscapularis muscle? - Answer Assists in medial rotation of the shoulder What type of stretching do you hold and then stretch? - Answer PNF or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation What is the treatment technique for an upper motor neuron lesion called? - Answer Bobath's To be considered aerobic exercise, how long must an individual maintain their target heart rate? - Answer 15-20 minutes Aerobic exercise refers to cyclic movements caused by the contraction of what? - Answer Large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways What are the heart rate percentage ranges and give an example patient for each. - Answer .6 = sedentary / post MI .75 = average Joe / weekend warrior .9 = triathlete What is the target heart rate equation? - Answer ((220-age)-Resting HR)*%+Resting HR Williams believed that the cause of low back pain was acquired how? - Answer By walking upright in a straight position -he stated that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly bent forward Williams believed that all activities should be geared to reducing what? - Answer Lumbar lordosis Williams exercises are what kind of exercises? - Answer FLEXION What muscles are weak and what muscles are tight according to the Williams approach? - Answer WEAK Abs WEAK Glute max TIGHT hamstrings What kind of exercise is BEST for patients with acute disc problems? - Answer McKenzie Exercises (Extension) --if McKenzie isn't listed...pick Williams! McKenzie exercises are what kind of exercises? - Answer EXTENSION McKenzie approach is based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to what? - Answer Dynamic and Static Loading What is the formula for power? - Answer Power = Force X Speed What concept are plyometrics based on? - Answer Power -they are exercises that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest amount of time What are some typical plyometric movements? - Answer Jumps Hops Bounds Box Drills (softball catcher) Depth Jumps (volleyball and basketball) How long are plyometrics performed? - Answer until fatigue What are the 3 phases of the stretch shortening cycle? - Answer Eccentric Amortization Concentric Acute care management takes place when? - Answer first 4 weeks What are the symptoms of an acute issue? (4) - Answer Rubor (Redness) Calor (Heat) Dolor (Pain) Tumor (Swelling) What modalities are used in acute care management? - Answer Cryotherapy Low Volt Galvanic (+ pole) Pulsed US (takes away thermal component) How is a muscle stretched? - Answer By going opposite of it's action When does recover care management begin? - Answer After four weeks When should you start active care stretching? - Answer During recovery care What modalities are used in recovery care management? - Answer mild heat--Infrared, hydroculator pack, hot bath When does the chronic/rehab phase begin? - Answer After 12 weeks What do you want to do during the chronic/rehab phase? - Answer Strengthen muscles (resistance against action) Exercises where the hand or foot is free to move - Answer Open Chain Exercises Exercises where the hand or foot is fixed and cannot move - Answer Closed Chain Exercises What are some examples of open chain exercises? (4) - Answer Bench press biceps curl leg extensions straight leg raises What are some examples of closed chain exercises? (5) - Answer Push-ups HSPU Pull-ups Squats Lunges What kind of exercise should you do on someone with a knee injury? - Answer Leg Extensions TOE OUT Why? because weak VMO, lateral tracking patella and chondromalacia patella What kind of exercises should you use with Lower Crossed Syndrome? - Answer WILLIAMS What muscles are tight and weak with Lower Crossed Syndrome? - Answer TIGHT Iliopsoas TIGHT Erector Spinae WEAK Abdominals WEAK Gluteus Maximus What do you do to facilitated muscles? What do you do to inhibited muscles? - Answer Facilitated=Tight...STRETCH these mm Inhibited=Restricted...STRENGTHEN these mm What muscles are tight and weak with Upper Crossed Syndrome? - Answer TIGHT Upper Trap & Levator Scap TIGHT Pectoralis WEAK Deep Neck Flexor (Longus Colli) WEAK Lower Trap & Serratus Anterior How do you strengthen the longus colli? - Answer Tri-flex Only portion of lower crossed syndrome you wouldn't use Williams exercises on? - Answer Hip Extension...Williams are flexion so use McKenzie What muscles are tight/facilitated with lower crossed syndrome? - Answer STRETCH THESE Iliopsoas : perform hip extension (McKenzie) Rectus Femoris : perform hip extension (McKenzie) TFL : perform ADDuction Adductor Group: perform ABduction Erector spinae: perform flexion Gastroc: can't isolate because crosses 2 joints Soleus: can be isolated by flexing the knee What are the four main postural issues associated with lower crossed syndrome? - Answer Anterior rotation of the pelvis (stretch iliopsoas) Increased lumbar lordosis (Williams flexion) Hips in flexion (stretch iliopsoas- McKenzie) Knees may be hyperextended (genu recuvatum) Action of the Iliopsoas - Answer Flexes hip joint Action of the Rectus Femoris - Answer Flexes the hip joint Quadriceps extends the knee joint Action of the TFL - Answer Abducts, flexes and medially rotates hip joint Action of erector spinae - Answer Extension of vertebral column Action of gastrocnemius - Answer Plantar flexes ankle and assists in knee flexion Action of soleus - Answer Plantar flexes ankle Weak/Inhibited muscles in lower crossed syndrome - Answer STRENGTHEN THESE (resistance against action) Rectus Abdominis : crunches (williams) Oblique : crunches (williams) Gluteus Maximus : pelvic rock (williams) Gluteus Medius : side lying ABduction Hamstrings : stretch AND strengthen Common injuries due to weak muscles associated with lower crossed syndrome - Answer Low back pain Knee pain Hamstring strains Action of rectus abdominis - Answer Flexes vertebral column Action of obliques - Answer Bilaterally: flex vertebral column Unilaterally: rotate vertebral column Action of gluteus maximus - Answer Extends and laterally rotates hip Action of gluteus medius - Answer ABducts hip joint Action of semitendinosus/semimembranosus - Answer Flexes and medially rotates knee, extends and medially rotates hip Action of biceps femoris - Answer Flex and laterally rotates knee; extends and laterally rotates hip Action of tibialis anterior - Answer DORSIflex and INvert Action of tibialis posterior - Answer PLANTARflex and INvert Inversion ankle sprain - Answer d/t tight tibialis--stretch these with EVERSION STRENGTHEN peroneus--this muscle everts the foot Tight/Facilitated Muscles associated with Upper Crossed Syndrome - Answer STRETCH THESE Pectorals Major Pec Minor, Levator Scap, Teres Major*, Upper Trap Anterior Deltoid Subscap, Lats, Teres Major SCM, Scalenes, Rectus capitis Action of pec major - Answer ADDucts and medially rotates humerus Action of pec minor - Answer Tilts the scapula anteriorly Action of Levator scapula - Answer Elevates scapula Action of teres major - Answer INTERNAL rotation, ADDuction and extension of shoulder