o Harder to build good schools, hospitals.
o Lack of FDI due to risk
o Conditions not safe, LS fall.
- Land locked may mean harder to access trade.
o May have to spend money on army/military so protect country, so less is
spent on education or hospitals.
o LS fall.
Evaluation:
- Some countries have bad geography but still manage well.
o Japan has great infrastructure.
o Building regulations may mitigate risks.
- LS rise as risk falls.
Strategies Influencing Growth and Development
, Strategies
Market-oriented strategies:
- Trade liberalisation.
- Promotion of FDI.
- Removal of government subsidies.
- Floating exchange rate systems.
- Microfinance schemes.
- Privatisation.
Interventionist strategies:
- Development of human capital.
- Protectionism.
- Managed exchange rates.
- Infrastructure development.
- Promoting joint ventures with global companies.
- Buffer stock schemes.
Other strategies:
- Industrialisation: the Lewis model.
- Development of tourism.
- Development of primary industries.
- Fairtrade schemes.
- Aid.
- Debt relief.
Factor + Definition Analysis Examples Evaluation
Trade liberalisation More trade, more UK service Environmental
access to better focussed, 79% of issues.
Encouraging free imports. economic output and
trade More choice and 82% of Structural
lower prices. employment. unemployment as
LS rise. firms may shift
China has average overseas for cheaper
FM: MNC’s enter tariff of 0. production.
the country and FDI North-East England.
increases. More
employment.
LS rise.
Promotion of FDI More FDI means India received $85 Will influence the
more investment. billion of FDI in exchange rate.
Through Special AD rises. 2022-22. Appreciation of
Economic Zones LS rise. currency means
(SEZ) and lower exports less price
taxes/regulation. FM: More competitive.
employment as firms LS may fall.
have higher
revenues.
Better capital and
infrastructure so
LRAS shift right.
o Lack of FDI due to risk
o Conditions not safe, LS fall.
- Land locked may mean harder to access trade.
o May have to spend money on army/military so protect country, so less is
spent on education or hospitals.
o LS fall.
Evaluation:
- Some countries have bad geography but still manage well.
o Japan has great infrastructure.
o Building regulations may mitigate risks.
- LS rise as risk falls.
Strategies Influencing Growth and Development
, Strategies
Market-oriented strategies:
- Trade liberalisation.
- Promotion of FDI.
- Removal of government subsidies.
- Floating exchange rate systems.
- Microfinance schemes.
- Privatisation.
Interventionist strategies:
- Development of human capital.
- Protectionism.
- Managed exchange rates.
- Infrastructure development.
- Promoting joint ventures with global companies.
- Buffer stock schemes.
Other strategies:
- Industrialisation: the Lewis model.
- Development of tourism.
- Development of primary industries.
- Fairtrade schemes.
- Aid.
- Debt relief.
Factor + Definition Analysis Examples Evaluation
Trade liberalisation More trade, more UK service Environmental
access to better focussed, 79% of issues.
Encouraging free imports. economic output and
trade More choice and 82% of Structural
lower prices. employment. unemployment as
LS rise. firms may shift
China has average overseas for cheaper
FM: MNC’s enter tariff of 0. production.
the country and FDI North-East England.
increases. More
employment.
LS rise.
Promotion of FDI More FDI means India received $85 Will influence the
more investment. billion of FDI in exchange rate.
Through Special AD rises. 2022-22. Appreciation of
Economic Zones LS rise. currency means
(SEZ) and lower exports less price
taxes/regulation. FM: More competitive.
employment as firms LS may fall.
have higher
revenues.
Better capital and
infrastructure so
LRAS shift right.
