SCCJA Use of Force Week 2 Thursday Test questions and answers.

Explain the history of Pressure Point Control Technique System A. PPCT was founded in 1979 by Bruce Siddle. PPCT Management Systems is a corporation that specializes in providing research based training for law enforcement, military, corrections, and industrial security, designed to minimize the ever present risk of liability. Identify the components of acceptability. B. All PPCT training programs are based upon the three principles. Tactical acceptability Hicks Law States that "less is best.". There are three motor skills. Gross Motor Skills- Large muscle movements (Legs and arms). Fine Motor Skills- Small muscle movement (fingers and hands), Complex Motor Skills- Series of movements; hand/eye coordination skills, medical acceptability-(1) Normal Use- Technique used at normal speed with no resistance. (2) Accelerated Use- Technique done at full speed and with full resistance. Legally- PPCT has developed a force continuum based upon existing non-lethal force and lethal force case law. A department policy on use of force should exist within each agency. Officers must also be familiar with local, state and federal laws. Identify the four most common types of resistance C. Resistance from the escort position. Resistance while applying handcuffs. Passive resistance. Active Aggression. Explain how case law related to the force continuum. D. The Graham Case made it clear that the standard for an officer's force upon a "seized free citizen" was whether the officer's force was "objectively reasonable" under the Fourth Amendment. Use of Force Guidelines: 1. All force must be reasonable. 2. All force must be necessary 3. Officer's actions will depend on the subject's actions, variables of the situation and the officer's knowledge of his/her own physical abilities Identify the levels of resistance. E. Psychological Intimidation- nonverbal cues indicating a subject's attitude, appearance, and physical readiness. Examples: Karate stance, the finger, fist to palm. Verbal Non-compliance- Verbal responses indicating unwillingness or threats. Examples: Go to hell, I'm not going, I'm going to kill you. Passive Resistance- Physical actions that do not prevent officers attempt to control. Example: Passive demonstrator sitting on ground. Defensive Resistance- Physical actions that attempt to prevent officers control, but never attempt to harm the officer. Examples: Pulls away from officer, walks away from officer. Active Aggression- Physical actions of assault. Example: Subject punching or kicking officer. Deadly Force Assault- Deadly force encounter. Example: Subject trying to stab officer with knife. Identify the levels of control . F. 1. Officer Presence- Identification of authority. 2. Verbal Direction- Commands of direction or arrest. 3. Empty Hand Control (Three commands before force): a. Soft Empty Hand Control- Techniques that have a minimal chance of injury. Examples: Touch pressure and joint locks. b. Hard Empty Hand Control- Techniques that have a probability of injury. Examples: Leg strikes hand strikes, and neck restraints. 4. Intermediate Weapons Control- Impact weapon strikes, chemical agents, and taser 5. Deadly Force- Deadly force actions (can occur by using person weapons, impact weapons, or firearms). The (1+1) principle is normally used when encountering force. The officer always wants to be one level higher than the suspect. Identify the elements of deadly force. G. The three requirements for use of deadly force in self-defense: 1. Ability- The capability or means to cause great bodily harm or death. 2. Opportunity- In a position to cause great bodily harm or death. 3. Jeopardy- An overt threatening move or gesture that could cause great bodily harm or death. Identify case law that has impacted the use of deadly force in law enforcement. H. Deadly Force Justifications: 1. To prevent death or serious injury to officer or another. (Graham V. Connor) 2. To prevent escape: Where the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a threat of serious physical harm either to the officer or others, it is not constitutionally unreasonable to prevent escape by using deadly force. 3. To not endanger himself/herself or the public unreasonably or unnecessarily in the application of deadly force. 4. Use verbal commands of authority and deterrence whenever feasible. Identify the force continuum variables. I. Type of crime, officer/subject size and gender, exigent conditions, reaction time, access to weapons, influence of alcohol or drugs, injury or exhaustion of officer, weather or terrain conditions, special knowledge Identify the responsibility of reporting use of force. J. Officer Arrival, Approach, Subject's Action, Officer's Action- handcuffed and double locked when tactically safe to do so, Transport Procedure Identify the principles of controlling resistive behavior. K. Pain Compliance- The use of the stimulus pain to control resistive behavior. Stabilize body part. Use pressure/counter pressure. Use repetitive loud verbal commands. Alleviate pressure when commands are obeyed. Distraction Technique- Control techniques that weaken motor action by changing the thought process. Demonstrate reactionary gap and reactionary options. Define the stages of reaction time. Identify the various positions of fighting platforms. Demonstrate the fighting platform principle of all weapon