Bio 121 Miami University (Exam 2, Ortman) Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Evolution (biological) Correct Answer Change in populations of organisms from generation to generation. Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin Correct Answer Came up with the concept of natural selection as a way to explain the world's great variety of living organisms. Divergent Evolution Correct Answer Accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species. Usually occurs when members of a species adapt to different environments. Convergent evolution Correct Answer When two separate species adapt to similar environments and consequently develop similar traits and appearances. Natural selection Correct Answer Inherited traits that increase likelihood of survival are more readily passed on, thereby altering genetic makeup of future generations (evolution). Overproduction Correct Answer Organisms produce more offspring than can survive to adulthood, thereby increasing the chance of survival of the species by making a few extra. Variation Correct Answer Due to differences in genes, the environments in which genes are expressed, and the interactions between genes and environment Adaptation/adaptive trait Correct Answer Traits that lead to better reproductive and survival success in a given environment are the characteristics which will evolve in a species. Artificial selection Correct Answer Selectively breeding animals with desired traits. Also true for plants. Biological diversity Correct Answer Variety of life across all levels, including the diversity of species, genes, populations, and communities. Speciation Correct Answer The process by which new species are generated Species Correct Answer Group of organisms that consist of similar individuals which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Population Correct Answer A group of organisms of the same species which live in the same area and interbreed