CLEP American Government Practice Test Already Passed

CLEP American Government Practice Test Already Passed Type of voting system that became well known immediately following the 2000 election Punch cards A person who votes based on what candidate says he or she will do in the future is said to be engaged in this type of voting Prospective voting Should presidential candidates receive an equal number of electoral votes, the election is decided by___________ House of Representatives "A form of government in which the people (defined broadly to include all adults or narrowly to exclude women and slaves, for example) are the ultimate political authority" Democracy New England town's meetings are examples of this type of democracy Direct democracy Under the pen name "Publius," Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote this The Federalist Papers In the seventeenth century, the signers of which document agreed to live under the colony's recognized authority and to wait for a royal charter, such as the Virginians had? The Mayflower Compact The last state to ratify the U.S. Constitution Rhode Island The purpose of the electoral college is to choose the_________ U.S. President In the debates over the Constitution, federalist sand anti-federalist a spoke of factions the way we today speak of _________ Interest groups "All Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives." These words appear in which article of the U.S. Constitution? Article I The English philosopher whose words are heavily drawn on in the Declaration of Independence John Locke Insofar as the Constitution is concerned, members of Congress receive payment for their work from_______ U.S. Treasury The Vice President of the United States is the president of what government body? Senate What is the minimum age specified in the Constitution for members of the House of Representatives? 25 In recent decades, which state has relied most heavily on mail-in voting? Oregon In which of the nation's founding documents could one point to an "elastic clause" to justify the existence of vast government agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services? The Constitution The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution states that government powers "not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States," are reserved for_____, ______, and _______. State legislatures and the people Term for when Congress sets guidelines for government agencies to follow Administrative discretion The Real ID Act of 2005 was an example of an_______ Unfunded mandate Senators have the power to "talk a bill to death." What is the formal term for this procedure? Filibuster A piece of legislation proposed to Congress is called_________ Bill What do Unanimous consent agreements accomplish? End debate in the Senate Article I is the longest section contained in the U.S. Constitution. What is the subject matter of this article? Congress Created a controversy following the 2000 presidential election; the "hanging" and "dimpled" chads that resulted when voters did not punch through the cards completely were difficult for vote counters to assess Punch-card ballots Forward-looking voting: when a voter supports a candidate based on what the candidate plans to do once in office Prospective voting Voting based on an informed view of a candidate's or political party's past Retrospective voting Designed, respectively, to create negative feelings toward a candidate's opponent and to draw distinctions between opponents Attack and contrast ads Advocates a political system without a monarch Republicanism Rule by the mob "Mobocracy" A government run by a few people Oligarchy Distinguished from tyrannical forms of socialism in that it guarantees basic rights (e.g. Free speech) and free elections Democratic socialism Refers to a judge's agreement with the decision of a majority of judges on the court, through different reasons. Concurrence Were written in opposition to ratification of the Constitution The Anti-Federalist Papers Written by Thomas Paine in the early stage of the Revolution. It's purpose was to rouse the American public against the British Common Sense An important work in political philosophy by the English theorist Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan By John Locke, another work in political philosophy, was highly influential on the American revolutionaries and Constitutional framers. Second Treatise on Government Was agreed to by Pilgrim leaders who had landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts Mayflower Compact Is a document from medieval England that established certain rights for British citizens. Magna Carta a series of essays written to address the American controversy over ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The Federalist Set an important precedent for the Americans who desired a federal Bill of Rights. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 Was a post-World War II development program for Europe Marshall Plan First state to ratify the Constitution; it was a unanimous vote Delaware Represent the wishes of the majority on whose behalf they vote Political delegates Federal funds appropriated by Congress for local projects Earmarks Presidential directives that direct and create laws and policies within the federal bureaucracy Executive orders Closed meetings of members of a political party who meet to decide on political candidates and policy positions Caucuses Article on both chambers of Congress Article 1 Article that focuses on the presidency Article 2 Article that focuses on the courts Article 3 Article that focuses on the states Article 4 Article that focuses on amending the Constitution Article 5 Article and section that says, "Senators and Representatives shall receive Compensation for their Services." Article 1, Section 6 Article and section that says that the Vice President is president of the Senate, though he has no vote, except in the case of a tie vote in the Senate-in which case the Vice President can cast the deciding vote. Article 1, Section 3 Article and section of the Constitution that reads (in part): "No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years." Article 1, Section 2 Senators must be at least how many years old? 30 According to the 26th Amendment to the Constitution, how old must someone be to have a right to vote? 18 Article that the elastic clause is found in Article 1 What amendment says, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." 10th Amendment When the federal government simply instructs states to meet a certain requirement without providing funding, it is known as this_____ Unfunded mandate A philosophical opposition to any kind of formal government Anarchism Refers to a judge's agreement with a court majority's opinions, though for reasons other than those expressed by the majority Concurrence A piece of proposed legislation Bill a court's agenda Docket Federal funds set aside by Congress members for local projects Earmarks Also an interest group-a group with a particular interest that seeks to influence legislation Lobby Article that discusses the Supreme Court Article III Article that discusses the Presidency Article II To override a presidential veto, who must vote in favor of the override by a two-thirds majority? Both houses of Congress If the president neither signs nor vetoes a piece of legislation within 10 days and Congress REMAINS in session, what becomes of the bill? It becomes law If a president does not sign a bill and Congress adjourns, then the bill has undergone what? Pocket veto Paths creation if a congressional district to ensure the election of someone from a certain political party or ethnic or racial group. Gerrymandering Refers to appeals of local interests "Home style" Agreements between the United States and foreign nations can be made by a president's administration, but for the agreement to go into effect it must have the concurrence of what? Two-thirds of the Senate The highest person in the military's chain of command U.S. President A state's representation in the electoral college most directly reflect what? Sum of state's U.S. Representatives and Senators Becomes president I the event that both the president and the Vice President are incapacitated The Speaker of the House The most senior member of the majority party in the Senate; follows the House Speaker in the line of succession to President President pro tempore Fourth in the line of succession to President The Secretary of State Case over the Second Amendment with the majority decision that the amendment applied to individuals, not simply militias District of Columbia v. Heller Eliminated prayer organized by public schools Engel v. Vitale Required the desegregation of public schools Brown v. Board of Education Signed by President Bill Clinton, led to a balanced budget and a budget surplus Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Effect of the Supreme Court case that was to strengthen federal power at the expense of stat power McCulloch v. Maryland Theory that relies on random selection, sample size, and variation Theory of sampling The Republican Party's second name. Grand Old Party Sometimes called marble-cake federalism, refers to the overlapping federal and state government jurisdiction Cooperative federalism The term used when federal and state governments operate in separate jurisdictions Dual federalism Refers to federal and state governments acting separately but often in overlapping ways. Layer-cake federalism Outlawed discrimination in restaurants and hotels illegal, since their business directly affected interstate commerce The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Annulled tests used, primarily in Southern states, to prevent African Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Nullified state laws outlawing first-trimester abortions, though states still had the authority to pass legislation regulating second and third trimesters Roe v. wade Who was he first female speaker of the House of Representatives? Nancy Pelosi The tendency of different races to live in separate communities and, therefore, to attend different schools is referred to as_______ De facto segregation The political system that divides political power between states and a federal government is referred to as________ Federalism An official request by a higher court, in this case, the Supreme Court Writ of certiorari Legal opinions submitted to the Court by interested parties Amicus Curiae briefs What Supreme Court case in 1966 guaranteed that no individual "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself?" Miranda v. Arizona To prevent jurors from hearing about a trial in the media, judges will sometimes impose what restriction on journalists? gag order Case where the Supreme Court explicitly gave itself the power of judicial review Marbury v. Madison