Human Growth and Development CLEP (2022/2023) Rated A+

Human Growth and Development CLEP (2022/2023) Rated A+ nature vs. nurture controversy it is agreed that both have some influence in development, but some people think it is more one than the other. biologically built vs. environment tabula rasa this is what the human mind is at birth (according to the nurture side of the nature versus nurture controversy), like a blank slate that experience writes on Discontinuity or Stage Theories Argues that development progresses through a series of stages. Each stage involves a specific task. Once the stage is completed the child moves on to the next stage. The developing person is changing qualitatively, not quantitatively. Continuity Theories Suggest that development is best described as a steady growth process. Developmental change is described as occurring in small steps or increments. (Skills and behavior improve but they do not change in a qualitatively.) Child Development vs. Life Span Some theories of development argue that development is complete at the end of childhood/adolescence (Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget are examples). Life Span theories of development argue that growth and change continue to occur throughout the entire life span (Erick Erickson took a life span perspective). universality vs. context specific a theory that applies to all cultures and time periods (such as Piaget proposed for his theory) Bronfenbrenner is an example of the alternative view which points out that there are differences in development depending on the culture/environment (such as in collectivist cultures versus individualistic cultures) Collectivist cultures Places greater value on the common good than individual achievement Individualistic cultures values individual achievements and the pursuit of individual goals accommodation by Piaget. modifying an existing scheme assimilation by Piaget. taking new information from the world and incorporating it into an existing scheme Scheme by Piaget. basic thought about the world, objects, events disequilibrium what happens when a child understands the world in a particular way (their scheme) then sees something happen that can't fit into that understanding. constructivism Piaget's position that argues that children construct schema (organized patterns of thought or action) based on experiences they have actively exploring the environment. Piaget's stages of cognitive development sensorimotor