CLEP Sociology Latest 2023 Graded A+

CLEP Sociology Latest 2023 Graded A+ research methods both strategy or plan for carrying out research and the means of carrying out the strategy quantitative methods statistical or other mathematical techniques of measurement qualitative methods reliance on personal observation and description of social life in order to explain behavior verstehen understanding as a means of characterizing and interpreting or explaining, done through applying reason to the external and inner context of specific social situations survey method subjects are asked about their opinions, beliefs, or behavior culture a blue-print according to which the members of a society or a group go about their daily lives, common social heritage of beliefs, customs, skills, traditions, and knowledge that members pass on to each other, represents all things made, material, and non material material culture consists of the things that people attach meaning to and use nonmaterial culture consists of the abstract terms that human beings create for the purposes of defining, describing, explaining, clarifying, ordering, organizing, and communication what they do and how they live symbol represents something to which a certain meaning or value is attached by the person or persons who use it norms rules or expectations that govern or to which people orient their behavior, binding rules whose violation results in some form of punishment values represent not only the things that give meaning and about which human beings feel certain, but also the ideas that make such things so important that humans are willing to fight, to work, or to give up something of their own in exchange (or as payment) for them folkways the usual customs and conventions of everyday life, lack a moral component, nonconformists are thought to be peculiar or eccentric mores norms of such moral and ethical significance to the members of a society or community that their violation is regarded as a serious matter worthy of strong criticism, anger, punishment, or institutionalization cultural universal basic elements essential to individual and collective survival that are found to exist in all cultures cultural variability connotes the variety of things human beings have devised to meet their needs ethnocentrism tendency to judge other cultures by own's own standards, attitude that one's own cultural or ethical values are the only true and good values cultural relativism refers to social scientists' efforts to be objective in their observations either by not imposing their own meaning on the events being observed, or by focusing solely on the reason why the element exists subcultures though not wholly separate from the larger culture, represent unique cultures and cultural organizations unto themselves countercultures beliefs, values, and ways of life that do not conform to the norm society broadly defined as human association, more narrowly - a relatively permanent grouping of people living in the same geographic area who are economically self-sufficient, politically independent, and who share a common culture sociocultural evolution refers to the tendency fo